Grafting cellulose, radiation-induced

Sakurada, I., T. Okasa, Hatakeyama, and F. Kimura. Radiation-induced graft copolymerization onto cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers with binary mixtures of comonomers. J. Polymer Sci. C 4, 1233 (1964). 

Araki, K., M. Ichino, and T. Hoshino Radiation induced grafting onto cellulose (dry state grafting). Ann. Rep. Japan Assoc. Radiat. Research on Polymers 2, 465 (1960). 

Krassig, H. A. Observations connected with the radiation induced grafting of polymers onto cellulose. Tappi 46, 654 (1963). 

Acid Effect in UV- and Radiation-Induced Grafting of Styrene to Cellulose... 

UV- or y-radiation-induced grafting of cellulose films with styrene in methanol solution was significantly enhanced in the presence of H2SO4, lithium salts, urea, and other organic compounds and polyfunctional monomers... 

Another application in macromolecular chemistry is radiation-induced graft polymerization, by which favourable properties of two polymers can be combined. In this process, copolymers of A and B are produced by irradiation of the polymer A in the presence of the monomer B. Examples are graft polymers of polyethylene and acrylic acid or of polyvinyl chloride and styrene. The properties of textiles (cellulose, wool, natural silk, polyamides, polyesters) can also be modified by graft polymerization, for example for the production of weatherproof products. 

Cellulose-water may act as a matrix and promote the development of arrays of comonomer charge transfer complexes (19). The cellulose acts not only as a substrate for such alignment but also as a complexing agent. The matrix of complexes may be represented as shown in I (styrene-methyl methacrylate) and II (butadiene-acrylonitrile). The radical-, thermal-, and radiation-induced graft polymerizations involve homopolymerization of comonomer complexes rather than copolymerization of uncomplexed monomers. 

Excitation sources for the production of radicals in grafting include chemicals, light, plasma, and radiation. Radiation-induced graft polymerization is superior to other grafting techniques because the high density of electron beams and gamma rays can create a large amount of radicals of arbitrary shapes of the p>olymer, such as a hollow fiber [2-41], nonwoven fabric [42] and film [43- ], and the quality of the polymer, such as polyethylene [2-41], polytetrafluoroethylene [42], and cellulose [55]. 

Accelerated UV and Radiation-Induced Grafting of Monomers to Cellulose in the Presence of Additives... 

Barsbay, M. Gueven, O. StenzeL M.H. Davis, T.P. Barner-Kowollik, C. Barner, L. Verification of controlled grafting of styrene from cellulose via radiation-induced RAFT polymerization. Macromolecules 2007, 40 (20), lUO-lUl. 

The graft copolymerization of many monomers onto cellulose and onto cellulose derivatives has been carried out by different methods that can be generally classified into three major groups (i) chemical methods, (ii) radiation-induced grafting, and (iii) plasma-initiated grafting [11]. 

This and the following subsection will compare heterogeneous and homogeneous synthetic methods, with emphasis on cellulosics. Fibrous cellulosic graft copolymers, prepared by radiation-induced free-radical copolymerization reactions of vinyl monomers with cellulose, retain some... 

An extensive study has been made of the graft polymerization of vinyl monomers (e.g. methyl methacrylate, sodium vinyl sulphonate, 4-vinylpyridine, acrylamide, and acrylic acid) onto dissolving pulp and groundwood initiated by acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It is possible to predict accurately the extent of grafting and the properties of the graft copolymers. The effects of solvents on the radiation-induced grafting of vinylpyridines onto cellulose have been examined. ... 

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