Gradient of optical properties

Research on the possible creation of polymeric media with gradient of optical properties (gradient of refraction index, gradient of birelnngence) by use of some, non-conventional in gradient optics in-homogeneity physical factors ... 

Real Application of Polymer Materials WITH A Gradient of Optical Properties ... 

Polymer materials with a gradient of optical properties can be the basis for the creation of optical elements with new fimctional possibilities. These elements will influence the future development of opto-electronics, applied and integral optics and the creation of optical... 

Nadareishvili L.L, Lekishvili N.G. / Polymer media with the gradient of optical properties. The controled gradient-formation. Publishers Lega . Tbilisi, 1999 [In Russian]. 

Nadareishvili L.I. and Lekishvili N.G, Polymeric media with gradient of optical properties. Controlled gradient formation, 2000, p. 102, Izd. LEGA , Tbilisi. (Rus)... 

Figure 3.32. Calculated reflectivity AR/Rp for bands at 1240 cm (1-3) and 1090 cm" (4, 5) in p-polarized IRRAS spectrum

Isobilateral dicot leaves, conifer needles, and many monocot leaves, receive light on both surfaces. The light response curves of photosynthesis of such leaves have sharper transition when the leaves are irradiated from both sides simultaneously than when irradiated unilaterally (18-20). This may also be ascribed to the differentiation of tissues in terms of optical properties and the gradient in properties of chloroplasts. Thus, it can be generalised that the leaf is constructed so as to maximise the sharpness of the transient region under natural light conditions. 

Shokrollahi A, Zare M, Mortezaali A, Ramezani Sani S (2012) Analysis of optical properties of porous silicon nanostructure single and gradient-porosity layers for optical applications. J Appl Phys 112 053506... 

Our first example is the calculation of optical properties of long conjugated molecular chains [54]. For these systems, the local or gradient-corrected approximations can give overestimations of several orders of magnitude. The problem is related to a non-local dependence of the xc potential In a system with an applied electric field, the exact xc potential develops a linear part that counteracts the applied field [54,55]. This term is completely absent in both the LDA and the GGA, but is present in more non-local functionals like the EXX. 

The creation of nanoscale sandwiches of compound semiconductor heterostructures, with gradients of chemical composition that are precisely sculpted, could produce quantum wells with appropriate properties. One can eventually think of a combined device that incorporates logic, storage, and communication for computing—based on a combination of electronic, spintronic, photonic, and optical technologies. Precise production and integrated use of many different materials will be a hallmark of future advanced device technology. 

Rizzo reviews in a unitary framework computational methods for the study of linear birefringence in condensed phase. In particular, he focuses on the PCM formulation of the Kerr birefringence, due to an external electric field yields, on the Cotton-Mouton effect, due to a magnetic field, and on the Buckingham effect due to an electric-field-gradient. A parallel analysis is presented for natural optical activity by Pecul Ruud. They present a brief summary of the theory of optical activity and a review of theoretical studies of solvent effects on these properties, which to a large extent has been done using various polarizable dielectric continuum models. 

Fig. 17. Molecule with an axial symmetry of optical and hydrodynamic properties in a laminar flow. X flow direction Y direction of velocity gradient Z direction of obs ation 1 axis of symmetry of the molecule...

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