Gradient optics

Polymers and Polymeric Materials for Fiber and Gradient Optics... 

Dried Microcystis aeruginosa crusts Extraction, Preparative Chromatography p-Bondapak Cjs. Column A H.20 + 0.008M ammonium acetate, B ACN + 0.008M ammonium acetate (Gradient) Optical scanning from 200-300 nm ESI-MS (Scan) MC-LR equiv. NR NR 1995 [180]... 

Polymers and polymeric materials for the fiber and gradient optics / VSP (Utrecht-Boston-Kdln-Tokyo), 2002, (With Lekishviti, N. Nadareishviti, L., et al.), 230 (Monograph). 

Research on the possible creation of polymeric media with gradient of optical properties (gradient of refraction index, gradient of birelnngence) by use of some, non-conventional in gradient optics in-homogeneity physical factors ... 

Rubinstein G, Lekishvili N., Kandelaki S., Khananashvili L. / Refractometric investigation of polymer gradient optical media based on some organic and element-organic monomers HIntern. J. Polym. Mater. 1998, vol.41, pp. 79-88. 

Nadareishvili L., Gvatua Sh., Zaikov G., Japaridze K. / GB-optics-a new direction of gradient optics // Journal of the Applied Chemistry, 2004 (In press). 

IFF is a useful technique for producing gradient optical materials but it is limited to free-radical systems that exhibit the gel effect and whose polymers are soluble in their monomers. 

Achievements in gradient optics have proved quite valuable. Selfocs are widely applied in many spheres of science and technology, such as fiber-optical connection lines, fax technology, medical devices, small-scale copying machines, focusing elements of laser systems for video recording, etc. 

Development of the gradient optics has made polymeric materials competitive with traditional optical materials (inorganic glasses) and, in some cases, even exceed them in some characteristics. Polymeric materials in gradient optics and in the fiber optics have the potential for much wider application than inorganic glasses primarily, it is the marked high... 

In this connection, it has been suggested that non-traditional solution of creation of gradient optical media - the method of controlled gradient formation - may provide the possibility of obtaining thin-layer materials based on polymerization and polycondensation polymers with great surface area and preliminarily given radial (axial) distribution of the refractive index, with no dependence on the aggregate state and chemical nature of appropriate monomers that determine the specificity of the polymer synthesis [61,127 -133],... 

It seems desirable to consider this approach of creation of gradient elements in more detail, because the chemical processes on which it is based are rather ordinary and quite well studied, especially for homogeneous polymer-analogous transformations, and this is not usually the case in producing materials for gradient optics. The principles of solid chlorination of PP-films that should be used for creation of thin-layer selfocs with the given profile of refractive index distribution are discussed below. 

The general practice, world-wide, in gradient optics has been to focus attention only on the refractive index gradient. However, materials with gradients of other optical properties are of interest also, and in particular, with a gradient of birefimgence (GB). Optical polymeric films with linear GB can be used in polarimeters used for various applications, including... 

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