Goiter hypothyroidism

The many effects of lithium on thyroid physiology and on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and their clinical impact (goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism) have been reviewed (620). Lithium has a variety of effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, but it predominantly inhibits the release of thyroid hormone. It can also block the action of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and enhance the peripheral degradation of thyroxine (620). Most patients have enough thyroid reserve to remain euthyroid during treatment, although some initially have modest rises in serum TSH that normalize over time. 

Neutropenia, hypochromic anemia, osteoporosis, decreased hair and skin pigmentation dermatitis, anorexia, diarrhea Hypothyroid goiter, hypothyroidism... 

Fetal problems, including abortion, stillbirths, congenital anomalies, neurological cretinism. Goiter, hypothyroidism, impaired mental function, increased susceptibility to radiation. 

Hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency) may result from autoimmune disease (Hashimoto s disease) or from deficient synthesis of TSH or TRH (thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing factor). Because adequate ingestion of iodine is a prerequisite for thyroid hormone synthesis, iodine deficiency also causes hypothyroidism. In children, thyroid hormone deficiency (called cretinism) causes depressed growth and mental retardation. Severe hypothyroidism in adults (myxedema) results in symptoms such as edema (abnormal fluid accumulation) and goiter. Hypothyroidism is usually treated with hormone replacement therapy. 

THERAP cat (VET) Internally for goiter, hypothyroidism, in iodine deficiency. Topically as antiseptic, disinfectant, counterirritant and to promote absorption. 

It has been known that excessive iodine intake results in goiter, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism in humans (Institute of Medicine, 2001). The biological basis for iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) appears most often to be mutational events in thyroid cells that lead to autonomy of function. When the mass of cells with such an event becomes sufficient, and the iodine supply is increased, the subject may become thyrotoxic. These changes may occur in localized foci within the gland or... 

Goiter, hypothyroidism and cretinism are expressions of severe ID. It is also well-known that iodine-deficient mothers are more likely to have miscarriages and defective offspring than their iodine-sufficient peers (Dunn, 1997). 

Iodine deficiency affects the socioeconomic development of an afflicted community in other ways than its important physiological manifestations, viz., goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, reproductive failure, and child mortality, among others. The socioeconomic retardation of the affected community occurs in two ways. People are mentally slower and less vigorous, so it is harder to educate and motivate them, and thus they are less productive in their work. Besides, iodine deficiency produces more handicapped individuals who depend on others for their care, which in turn diverts the community resources. Secondly, in most of the areas, agriculture is the most important economic activity, and domestic animals suffer from iodine deficiency in much the same way as people do. Therefore, domestic animals are smaller in size and produce less meat, eggs and wool. They also suffer from abortion and are often sterile. 

Goiter, Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto s Thyroiditis Following Seaweed Consumption... 

Gonsumption of large amounts of kelp has been found to be associated with thyroid disorders, such as goiter, hypothyroidism alone or in combination with thyroid enlargement, Hashimoto s thyroiditis and neonatal hypothyroidism. Studies showing a decrease in goiter size... 

Table 93.4 Association of goiter, hypothyroidism and Hashimoto s thyroiditis with seaweed consumption ...

Notes Seaweed-induced goiter, hypothyroidism and Hashimoto s thyroiditis appear to be not uncommon in countries where seaweed is traditionally used as a food, as reflected by the numerous case reports and observational studies from Japan. 

While goiter, hypothyroidism and Hashimotos thyroiditis appear to be not uncommon, at least in Japan, after excessive seaweed consumption, thyrotoxicosis due to ingestion of seaweed or seaweed-containing dietary supplements is rare, as reflected by the limited number of case reports that have been documented in the literature (Tables 93.5 and 93.6). 

Goiter, hypothyroidism, and/or a rise in serum TSH concentrations have been reported following the ingestion of large amounts of iodine in medications, especially amiodarone (Martino et ai, 2001), ingestion of well water... 

All ages Goiter Hypothyroidism Impaired mental function... 

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