Gmelin elements

Transurane, Gmelins Handhuch der anorganischen Chemie, Part A, The Elements, Vedag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim/Bergstrasse, 1972—1973, A1,1,1973, A1,II, 1974. 

Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, System No. 63, Ruthenium, (a) Main volume, 1938 (reprint 1968) (b) Elements and compounds, Suppl. 1970. 

Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, System No. 67, Iridium. Main volume 1939 (Element and Compounds) Supplement Volumes Section 1 The Metal Alloys. 1978 Section 2 Compounds. 1978. 

For these three elements, for the first time in this Chapter, combinations of a nonmetal with chalcogens and halogens have to be discussed. As regards their structure and properties, most of these do not belong to the field of this review as described in the introductory Chapter. For those interested in the ternary carbon compounds that have the composition CSX2 (X = Cl, Br, I), information may be found in an issue of "Gmelin (142). 

The earliest analyses of cystine are given by Prout, who overlooked the fact that cystine contained sulphur, the presence of which element was first shown by Baudrimont and Malagutis. Thaulow gave cystine the formula C6H12N2O4S, and pointed out that it was one of the few compounds made up of five elements. On account of the uneven number of atoms in its molecule, Gmelin replaced this formula by C3H2NSO2, which formula was confirmed by Grote in 1864, and later by Kiilz in 1884. 

Exhaustive accounts of the chemistry of thorium, protactinium, uranium and the transuranium elements appear in the most recent supplementary volumes of the Gmelin series.12 Unless otherwise indicated by the inclusion of references to specific papers, further information on the compounds discussed in this chapter will be found in the Gmelin volumes and in the work cited in reference 2. 

In this volume only the inorganic compounds of the three elements are described, but references to the literature of the better known organic compounds have been given. The literature references throughout are complete up to December 1928, and every effort has been made to render them accurate. Information on several points has been obtained from Abegg Auerbach s and from Gmelin-Kraut s Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. 

Gmelin Handbuch derAnorganischen Chemie, Transurane, TeilA2, Element) Vedag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1973. 

Forsberg JH, Moeller T (1983) In Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sc, Y, La-Lu, Rare Earth Elements Part D6, 8th edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 237-287... 

The very extensive literature on the preparation of hydrogen bromide is completely and concisely reviewed in Gmelin s Handbuch. 1 The methods most commonly used involve the hydrolysis of certain bromides, particularly the action of bromine on red phosphorus and water the action of bromine on hydrocarbons, particularly on tetralin and the direct combination of the elements. The action of bromine on tetralin is a convenient one for small-scale laboratory operation.2 The direct combination of the elements has certain advantages of simplicity and cleanliness, especially when considerable amounts of hydrogen bromide are required. Platinum and charcoal have frequently been used as catalysts but they can be dispensed with at sufficiently high temperatures.3... 

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