Glyoxal-phenolic resins

Ramires E C, Megiatto Jr J D, Gardrat C, Castellan A and Frollini E (2010a), Biobased composites from glyoxal-phenolic resins and sisal fibers , Bioresour Technol, 101, 1998-2006. 

Ramires EC, Megiatto JD Jr, Gardrat C, Castellan A, Erollini E (2010) Biobased composites from glyoxal-phenolic resins and sisal fibers. Bioresour Technol 101 1998-2006 Reddy MM, Vivekanandhan S, Misra M, Bhatia SK, Mohanty AK (2013) Biobased plastics and bionanocomposites current status and future opportunities. Prog Polym Sci 38 1653-1689 Rojas OJ, Montero GA, Habibi Y (2009) Electrospun nanocomposites from polystyrene loaded with cellulose nanowhiskers. J Appl Polym Sci 113 927-935 Rowell RM (2012a) Chemical modification of wood to produce stable and durable composites. Cell Chem Technol 46 443 148... 

Uses. Furfuryl alcohol is widely used as a monomer in manufacturing furfuryl alcohol resins, and as a reactive solvent in a variety of synthetic resins and applications. Resins derived from furfuryl alcohol are the most important application for furfuryl alcohol in both utility and volume. The final cross-linked products display outstanding chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. They are also heat-stable and remarkably resistant to acids, alkalies, and solvents. Many commercial resins of various compositions and properties have been prepared by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and other co-reactants such as furfural, formaldehyde, glyoxal, resorcinol, phenolic compounds and urea. In 1992, domestic furfuryl alcohol consumption was estimated at 47 million pounds (38). 

Glyoxal/urea/formaldehyde condensate Glyoxal/urea polymer insolubilizer, textile finishing agents Zirconium butoxide insolubilizer, vinyl polymer Methacrylatochromic chloride instrument housings Phenol-formaldehyde resin instrument indicator fluid Mercury... 

Polyvinyl alcohol is cross-linked by glyoxal, epoxy, urea-formaldehyde, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. It is also cross-hnked by pol5rvalent metal salts. 

Glycidyl Ether of Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane. One of the first poly-fimctional resins to be marketed (by Shell) is based on l,l,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenyl]ethane (56). It is used primarily as additives in standard epoxy resin formulations for electrical laminates, molding compoimds, and adhesives in which increased heat distortion temperature and improved chemical resistance are desired. Tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane is prepared by reaction of glyoxal with phenol in the presence of HCl. The tetraglycidyl ether (mp ca 80°C, and an EEW of 185-208) possesses a theoretical epoxide functionality of 4. 

A polyfunctional resin based on phenol and glyoxal forms the basis of a speciality epoxy resin (8)... 

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