Glycosphingolipids characterization

Gangliosides are a class of glycosphingolipid characterized by the presence of one or more sialic acid residues. They are located in the cell membranes, particularly in the plasma membrane, of almost all cell types. They are anchored in the membranes through their ceramide moiety and have the polar sugar-containing group in the extracytoplasmic side. They are particularly abundant in the nervous system where their expression pattern is modulated during development. 

Structures of the glycosphingolipids characterized from hog and dog gastric mucosa. 

Khoo, K.-H., Chatterjee, D., Caulfield, J.P., Morris, H.R. and Dell, A. (1997a) Structural characterization of the glycosphingolipids from the eggs of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. Glycobiology 7, 653-661. 

Teneberg, S., Angstrom, J., and Ljungh, A. (2004). Carbohydrate recognition by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Characterization of a novel glycosphingolipid from cat small intestine. Glycobiology 14, 187-196. 

Sphingosine bases are usually isolated from glycosphingolipids by treatment with methanolic HC1 containing some water,148 and characterized, in the form of the free bases or their 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives,149 151 by t.l.c. For quantitative determination of bases, a colorimetric procedure is used, based on color formation of the base with Methyl Orange.152 The composition of the sphingosine bases, as their Me3Si derivatives, is determined by g.l.c. and g.l.c.-m.s.,148,153,154 as well as by using for this purpose... 

Other glycolipids from aquatic invertebrates are also characterized by a great variety of structures. Along with compounds known also to be present in vertebrates (gluco- and galacto-cerebrosides and lactosylceramide), new glycosphingolipids have been detected that differ from the glycosphin-... 

Fig. 21.6. Glycosphingolipids of Pseudophyllida. Glycolipids of Spirometra erinacei were analysed by Kawakami et al. (1995) [1], (1993) [2] and (1996) [3], Glycolipids of S. mansonoides were analysed by Singh et al. (1987) [4]. Glycolipids of D. balaenopterae and D. hottai were characterized by Kawakami et al. (1997) [5] and Iriko et al. (2002) [6], respectively. Gal((S1 -6)-units are marked by boxes. Cer, ceramide.

Fig. 21.7. Glycosphingolipids and protein glycosylation of Cyclophyllida. Glycolipids of E. multilocularis were analysed by Persat et al. (1990) [1] and (1992) [2]. Glycolipids of T. crassiceps and M. coturnix were characterized by Dennis et al. (1992) [3] and Nishimura etal. (1991) [4], respectively. The major glycolipid of T. solium was analysed by Lopez-Marin etal. (2002) [5], Cer, ceramide. A/-glycans of E. granulosus and O-glycans of . multilocularis were described by Khoo etal. (1997c) [6] and Hulsmeier et al. (2002) [7], respectively. Possible Gala1-4)Gal1- structural elements are boxed.

Levery, S.B., Weiss, J.B., Salyan, M.E.K., Roberts, C.E., Hakomori, S., Magnani, J.L. and Strand, M. (1992) Characterization of a series of novel fucose-containing glycosphingolipid immunogens from eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 5542-5551. 

Figure 1. Acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids were prepared and characterized from different compartments of rat small intestine non-epithelial residue, total epithelial cells, and epithelial cells of different maturity (crypt, intermediate, and...

The results presented here show that the glycosphingolipids of chicken pectoral muscle differ from those of human skeletal and cardiac muscles. In addition, we are presenting the structures of two glucosamine-containing gangliosides which were characterized by enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation studies. 

R. S. Duarte, C. R. Polycarpo, R. Wait, R. Hartmann, and E. B. Bergter, Structural characterization of neutral glycosphingolipids from Fusarium species, Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lip-ids and Lipid Metabolism, 1390 (1998) 186-196. 

SMA SSEA-I smooth muscle actin stage-specific embryonic antigen characterized as a glycosphingolipid similar to Ii (MHC invariant chain)... 

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