Glycosphingolipids cells

Glycosphingolipid cells Normal culture medium (c.p.m. Homozygote cells culture medium, /mg protein) ... 

GLYCOLIPIDS (GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) ARE IMPORTANT IN NERVE TISSUES IN THE CELL MEMBRANE... 

Glycosphingolipids are constituents of the outer leaflet of plasma membranes and are important in cell adhesion and cell recognition. Some are antigens, eg, ABO blood group substances. Certain gangliosides function as receptors for bacterial toxins (eg, for cholera toxin, which subsequently activates adenylyl cyclase). 

The glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are sugar-containing lipids built on a backbone of ceramide they include galactosyl- and glucosylceramide (cerebrosides) and the gangliosides. Their structures are described in Chapter 14. They are mainly located in the plasma membranes of cells. 

Mass spectrometric analysis of the glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains of rat natural killer cells. Proteomics 5, 113-122. 

Cerebrosides are major constituents of the membrane of brain cells. They are the simplest glycosphingolipids, serving as model substances for more complex lipids of this kind. Furthermore, they are credited with important properties as receptors for hormones and toxins.29 Schemes 4 13 and 4 14 provide a method for preparing sphingosine and its analogs that can be used for the synthesis of cerebroside compounds. 

Bjork, S., Breimer, M. E., Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K.-A., and Leffler, H. (1987). Structures of blood group glycosphingolipids of human small intestine. A relation between the expression of fucolipids of epithelial cells and the ABO, Le and Se phenotype of the donor. /. Biol. Chem. 262, 6758-6765. 

Lavie, Y., Cao, H-t., Volner, A., Lucci, A., Han, T. Y., Geffen, V., Giuhano, A. E., and Cabot, M. C., 1997, Agents that reverse multidrug resistance, tamoxifen, verapamil, and cyclosporin A, block glycosphingolipid metabohsm by inhibiting ceramide glycosylation in human cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272 1682-1687. 

Gangliosides are a class of glycosphingolipid characterized by the presence of one or more sialic acid residues. They are located in the cell membranes, particularly in the plasma membrane, of almost all cell types. They are anchored in the membranes through their ceramide moiety and have the polar sugar-containing group in the extracytoplasmic side. They are particularly abundant in the nervous system where their expression pattern is modulated during development. 

Glycolipids (5,14) are primarily glycosphingolipids, molecules that have oligosaccharide groups attached to ceramide [104404-17-3]. They are present, at least in small amounts, in the membranes of most, if not all, tissues. They too, like cell-membrane glycoproteins, are recognition determinants. 

---