Glycosidic alkaloids

Solarium biflorum Loureiro Hong Si Xian (whole plant) Glycoside alkaloids, steroid alkaloid glycosides.55360-361 Detoxicant, for cough, swelling, dog bites. 

Sohreiber, K. 1963. On the appearance of glycoside alkaloid in tuber-bearing species of the genus Solanum L. solanum alkaloids. XXVII. KulturpHanze 11 422-450. 

The glycosidic alkaloid veronamine [(— )-4a -L-rhamnosidothali-fendlerine] produces systemic hypotension and bradycardia and a reduction in pressure of the perfused hindlimb of anesthetized dogs (380). The systemic effects of veronamine are blocked by bilateral cervical vagotomy or pretreatment with atropine, indicating that these effects are mediated through cholinergic mechanisms. The effect of veronamine in the perfused hindlimb is not sensitive to atropine. 

Monoterpenoid Alkaloids.—Corynantheine-Heteroyohimbine- Yohimbine Group, and Related Oxindoles. The leaves of Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gil. contain a new glycosidic alkaloid for which the gross structure (78) has been proposed 52 so far, nothing is known about its stereochemistry. Nevertheless it seems distinctly possible that this alkaloid is a close biosynthetic relative of vallesiachotamine. 

The alkaloids cadamine and isocadamine226 contain / -hydrogen at C-3, and may well be formed from the previously unknown 3/8-analogues of iso-dihydrocadambine (87a), which occurs in the same plant (Anthocephalus cadamba). Support for this view comes from the recent extraction58 from this plant of the presumed precursor, 3/3 -isodihydrocadambine (87b), together with a second glycosidic alkaloid, 3/3-dihydrocadambine (88). 

The compounds best known for their bitter taste belong to the alkaloids and glycosides. Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing organic compounds that are derived from pyridine, pyrrolidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, or purine. Quinine is often used as a standard for testing bitterness (Figure 7-13). 

In addition to olivacine and guatambuine (Section VII, C), an unnamed alkaloid, mp 186°-188°, resembling uleine in its color reactions, has been isolated from Aspidosperma australe (147)3. A glycosidic alkaloid, quebrachacidine, C26H28N2O11, has been found in A. quebracho-bianco (195), and its aglycone has been prepared. Several alkaloids have been reported in A. oblongum and A. album (196), notably kromantine, mp 176°, [a]D+ 159° (in chloroform), from the latter species (196a). 

Phospholipids also form complexes with proteins (e.g., vitellin in egg yoUc, animal and plant tissues, lipoproteins in blood serum, and milk), carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, minerals, enzymes, cholesterol, and other substances. Lysophospholipids represent a special class of compounds resulting from the chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids. The role of phospholipases in normal and pathological conditions as well as in cell metabolism is of great biological significance (4). 

Passiflora edulis Sims - maracuji, maracuja-de planta Tranquilizer, irritability Flower or leaf (decoction, ingested) Caboclos [53,57,59] Xokleng Indians [36] Flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids [178] triterpenoids [179] saponins [180] norterpenoids derivatives [181] Cyanogenic glucosides [182] carotenoids [183] 3-Methyl-2-butanone [184] phenolic compounds [185] ... 

CAS 17406-45-0. C H NO. A glycosidal alkaloid prepared from the dried leaves and stems of the tomato plant. White crystals used as plant fungicide and as a specific precipitating agent for cholesterol and other sterols. The crude extract is referred to as tomatin. 

The new glycosidic alkaloid (- )-(3-methoxy-4-a-L-riiamnosyloxycinnamoyl)-epilupinine was isolated as a 5 1 mixture of (Z)- and ( )-isomers 338 and 339 ([a]o -37.5 , c 0.056, EtOH) from the aerial parts of Lupinus hirsutus 332). In addition to the customary spectroscopic evidence, the structure was corroborated by hydrolysis with 3% aqueous hydrochloric acid to form rhamnose and the known compound. (+ )-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)epilupinine (337). The latter was hydrolyzed in its turn with 7% hydrochloric acid to give (+ )-epiIupinine (331). The ( )-isomer 339 ([a]p -80°, c 0.28, EtOH) was subsequently reported as a new alkaloid from aerial parts of L. varius ssp. orientalis similar spectroscopic data were cited, and hydrolysis to L-rhamnose and the corresponding aglycone also supported the structural assignment (525). 

Separation of mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons has been effected on silica gel or charcoal. Alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and ketones, acids, esters and lactones, amines, nitro compounds, azo compounds, halogen and sulphur compounds, sugars and glycosides, alkaloids, natural dyes, vitamins, harmones, antibiotics etc. have been separated under appropriate conditions. 

The glycosidic alkaloid grandifoline (amorphous) from this plant was shown to have structure 139 in which R is a 2-0- -D-gluoopyrano-syl-L-arabinose residue. Acid methanalysis yielded laburnine and the disaccharide as well as the chroman derivatives of the presumed intermediate methyl ester of 3,5-diisopentenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 162). 

The same type of seven-membered d ring occurs in cadambine (74) " and 3a-dihydrocadambine (75a) (which was shown to be identical with the glycosidic alkaloid reported from Nauclea diderrichii) from Anthocephalus cadamba and in nauclechine. " The relationship between cadambine and dihydrocadambine was established (Scheme 8) by the sodium borohydride-acetic acid reduction of the tetra-acetate of the former to a mixture of 3a-dihydro-cadambine (75a) tetra-acetate corresponding to the natural isomer, and its 3 -epimer (major product). The C-3 carbinolamine ether system in cadambine was diagnosed by the u.v. spectral shift observed in acidic solution. Reversible, acid-catalysed cleavage of the N—C—O system led to the well-known, characteristic chromophore (76). 

The investigation of the herbarium samples from Iraq was carried out (65). Papaver acrochaetum yielded rhoeagenine 404) as the major alkaloid. The major alkaloids of P. curviscapum were protopine (309) and allocryptopine (310). The major alkaloid of Iraqi P. persicum and of P. armeniacum was identified as the glycosidic alkaloid floripavidine (119), which had been first reported from P. floribundum. For the infraspecific variation of the alkaloids of the section Miltantha, see also Ref. 64. 

Phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, acetyl coenzyme A, and a number of amino acids involved in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides, alkaloids, glucosinolates, and antibiotics are linked to the final portion of the glycolytic sequence and immediately prior to entry into the Krebs cycle. A shift from normal sustained growth to that in which there is a decreased uptake of acetyl coenzyme A in the Krebs cycle may reflect a diminished requirement for nucleotide triphos-... 

The solvent systems used were those proposed by Waldi [257] and slightly modified by Pot silovI [178] (Table 72). The proportions of the components of the solvent mixture can be varied somewhat, depending on the nature of the silica gel, in order to achieve optimum separation. The best amount to apply is 2—5 fxg of pure substance or 20 [xg of crude extract in ethanolic solution. Colchicoside or other glycosidic alkaloids were applied after dissolving in a water-ethanol mixture. The sensitivity of the Oberlin-Zeisel reaction was about 1 (xg tropolone substance per spot. 

Dihydrosolagenin (demissidin), combined with a tetrasaccharide, was found in Solarium demissum 29). This tetrasaccharide, also found in tomatin, the glycosidic alkaloid of tomato plants, is a xylosyl-glucosyl-glucosyl-galactose 30). 

The adsorbent properties of kaolin may influenee the adsorption of other orally administered drugs, ineluding cimetidine, lineomycin, tetracycline and digoxin. Since it is sometimes employed as a tablet diluent, it must never be used in tablets containing cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, estrogens and medicaments which may be adsorbed by kaolin. 

Leaves Mimosine, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, quinone, phenols, tannins, saponins, and coumarins [42-43, 46]... 

Lindstrom, B., B. Tuning, and K. Surala-Hansen Orchidaceae Alkaloids. XXVI. New Glycosidic Alkaloid from Malaxis grandifolia. Acta Chem. Scand. 25, 1900... 

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