Anthocephalus cadamba

Deka and Saikia (2000) treated softwood Anthocephalus cadamba) with methanolic solutions of PF, MF or UF resins. At aronnd 34 % resin loading, the wood samples exhibited volnme increases of 14 % (PF), 12 % (MF) and 9 % (UF), which was nearly equal to the calculated volume of polymer added, showing that most of the resin was located in the cell wall. Resin loadings higher than 34 % resulted in no further volume increase of the wood. Increases in ASF also exhibited the same behaviour, with the highest values (around 70 % for PF and MF, and 50 % for UF) found at about 34 % resin loading. Both the MOE and the MOR of treated samples increased with resin loading. 

The alkaloids cadamine and isocadamine226 contain / -hydrogen at C-3, and may well be formed from the previously unknown 3/8-analogues of iso-dihydrocadambine (87a), which occurs in the same plant (Anthocephalus cadamba). Support for this view comes from the recent extraction58 from this plant of the presumed precursor, 3/3 -isodihydrocadambine (87b), together with a second glycosidic alkaloid, 3/3-dihydrocadambine (88). 

The structure of 27-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyloxy)oleanolic acid (101), from the root bark of Melianthus comosus, was confirmed by X-ray analysis of the related bromolactone diacetate.76 Cadambagenic acid (102) from the stem bark of Anthocephalus cadamba is a derivative of 18aH-oleanane.77 2a,3a,23-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (103) and 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-noroleana-l,4,12-trien-28-oic acid (104) have been isolated from the fruit of Pseudopanax... 

Ailanthus intergrifolia Lam./White siris Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br./White cheesewood Amoora cucullata Roxb./Amoora Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq./Labula Antiaris toxicaria Lesch./—... 

Another novel structure is provided by isodihydrocadambine (72), from Anthocephalus cadamba, this alkaloid contains an N-4—C-19 bond, which can readily be conceived as originating via an 18,19-epoxystrictosidine (73). The only other example of an N-4—C-19 bond known to date is perakine. 

Stem Anthocephalus cadamba D. cingulatus 5th larval instars Topical -H- IIS... 

Rewarding sources of monoterpene alkaloid glycosides have been the Asiatic tree Adina rubescens Hemsl. and related Rubiaceous plants A. cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Brandis (1, 2), Nauclea latifolia Sm. (3), N. diderrichii Merrill (4), and Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. (5). The heart-wood and bark of the first has yielded so far no less than nine glycoalkaloids... 

The same type of seven-membered d ring occurs in cadambine (74) " and 3a-dihydrocadambine (75a) (which was shown to be identical with the glycosidic alkaloid reported from Nauclea diderrichii) from Anthocephalus cadamba and in nauclechine. " The relationship between cadambine and dihydrocadambine was established (Scheme 8) by the sodium borohydride-acetic acid reduction of the tetra-acetate of the former to a mixture of 3a-dihydro-cadambine (75a) tetra-acetate corresponding to the natural isomer, and its 3 -epimer (major product). The C-3 carbinolamine ether system in cadambine was diagnosed by the u.v. spectral shift observed in acidic solution. Reversible, acid-catalysed cleavage of the N—C—O system led to the well-known, characteristic chromophore (76). 

Anthocephalus cadamba (family Rubiaceae) This originated in India and is distributed in the tropics. The oil is extracted from the flowers and is used for perfumes and flavouring. 

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