A. quebracho bianco

In addition to olivacine and guatambuine (Section VII, C), an unnamed alkaloid, mp 186°-188°, resembling uleine in its color reactions, has been isolated from Aspidosperma australe (147)3. A glycosidic alkaloid, quebrachacidine, C26H28N2O11, has been found in A. quebracho-bianco (195), and its aglycone has been prepared. Several alkaloids have been reported in A. oblongum and A. album (196), notably kromantine, mp 176°, [a]D+ 159° (in chloroform), from the latter species (196a). 

The same compound was isolated by the author from basic fractions of R. stricta root material (80), and subsequent work (81) permitted elucidation of the structure. Quite independently, rhazinilam was obtained from A. quebracho-bianco Schlecht. (82, 83), and in collaboration with Abraham and Rosenstein the structure was obtained by X-ray crystallography... 

Common/vernacular names Quebracho bianco, white quebracho (A. quebracho-bianco), quebracho Colorado, red quebracho (S. quebracho-colorado). 

Numerous alkaloids, including rhazinilam (a lactam), have also been isolated from the leaves of A. quebracho-bianco... 

Floriani has recently examined bark from Aspidosperma quebracho bianco Schlecht f. pendulas Speg, in which he found the known alkaloids, quebrachine (yohimbine) and aspidospermine, as well as Hesse s aspidosamine, C2gH2g02N2, and a new base, aspidospermicine, Ci Hj ON, l-SHjO (1938). Hartmann and Schlittler have shown that the alkaloid vallesine from Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) is aspidospermine, and this has been confirmed by Deulofeu et aJ. who have also found it in V. dichotoma. Later Schlittler and Rottenberg by chromatographic analysis of the mother liquors of aspidospermine isolated a second alkaloid for which they used the old name Vallesine (1948). ... 

Rhazinilam 3 is an axially chiral phenyl-pyrrole compound which was first isolated from Melodinus australis (F. Muell.) Pierre [53]. It has also been found in other Apocynaceae such as Rhazya stricta Decaisne [54,55], Aspidosperma quebracho-bianco Schlecht. [56,57], Leuconitis eugenifolia A. DC [58,59] and Kopsia singapurensis [60]. More recently, (-)-rhazinilam was isolated from intergeneric somatic hybrid cell cultures of two Apocynaceae, Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. Ex Kurz and Rhazia stricta Decaisne [61]. 

By comparison, a number of minor alkaloids occurring together with aspidospermine in the bark of Quebracho bianco were identified as iVft-acetyl and/or methoxyl derivatives of aspidospermidine.122... 

Quebracho (cortex). The bark of the quebracho tree, Aspidosperma quebracho-bianco (Apocynaceae), a large tree (up to 20 m high), indigenous to the west of South America. The bark contains ca. 1% monoter-penoid indole alkaloids such as yohimbine, aspido-spermine, quebrachamine. The Aspidosperma alkaloids are structurally related to the Catharanthus alkaloid vindoline. Quebracho bark contains over 25 different alkaloids of widely differing types. ... 

The main alkaloid of this plant material was isolated in 1896 by Spiegel [1] and named yohimbine.The alkaloid was the same as one obtained previously from Aspidosperma quebracho-bianco (Apocynaceae) [2]. Isoyohimbine and allo-yohimbine, possessing structures similar to that of yohimbine, were also isolated from P. yohimba [3,4]. Isoyohimbine, based on the studies of Warnat [3], is known as a-yohimbine. 

Aspidosperma quebracho bianco (Apocynaceae) is a tall tree that grows wild in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. The bark is called quebracho bark or white quebracho , and contains tannins and alkaloids. It is used in folk medicine as an antipyretic and diuretic and as a treatment for pertussis and asthma. 

Schnoes H K, Burlingame A L, Biemann K 1962 Application of mass spectrometry to structure problems. The occurrence of eburnamenine and related alkaloids in Rhazya stricta and Aspidosperma quebracho bianco. Tetrahedron Lett 993 - 999... 

The monocentric species (Araucaria angustifolia, Aspidospertna quebracho-bianco, Nectandra megapotamica, Schinopsis balansae and S. quebracho-colorado) are present along the axis from pole A to pole C. They are characteristic of Chacoan and Paranean poles. Because of their narrow... 

Aspidospermidine, one of the simplest of Aspidosperma alkaloids containing a pentacyclic ring system, was isolated from Aspidosperma quebracho bianco and other Aspidosperma species. Aspidosperma is a genus of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. The alkaloids aspidosper-mine were first synthesized by Stork and Dolfini in 1963. " Since then the compound has had many extensive investigations, and more than 30 research groups have synthesized... 

---