Terpene Glycosides

Trihydroxystilbene 4 -0-P-i>G1c( = Resveratrol 4 -0-(3-d-G1c) (stilbene glycoside) Terpene Rheum palmatum (Polygonaceae) [rhizome] PEP 13.4It... 

Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiacae) Anacardic acid,alpha-linolenic acid, anacardol, antimony, cardol, europium, folacin, gingkol,leucine, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, haftiium, serine, phytosterol, praline, vitamin c, kaempferol, terpenes, quercetin-glycoside Terpenes HPLC (59)... 

A recent example demonstrates that corals rely on induced biosynthesis of terpenes as a dynamic defense strategy as well. The induction of terpenoid secondary metabolites was observed in the sea whip Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae [162]. Levels of pseudopterosins 89-92, a group of diterpene glycosides with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (Scheme 23) [163-165], are increased in response predation by the mollusk Cyphoma gibbosum. First bioassays indicate that these natural products are involved in the chemical defense. 

The bulk of plant-derived medicines can be categorized into a number of chemical families, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and terpenoids, steroids (e.g. cardiac glycosides), as well as coumarins, quinines, salicylates and xanthines. A list of some better-known plant-derived drugs is presented in Table 1.16. 

Bobbitt J.M., Segebarth K.P. The Iridoid Glycosides and Similar Substances. In Bat-tersby A.R. and Taylor W.I. (eds.) Cyclopentanoid Terpene Derivatives. New York Marcel Dekker 1969. p25-31. 

The recommended dosages of an oral standardized dry extract of ginkgo (24% ginkgo flavonol glycosides and 6% terpene lactones) are 120 to 240 mg daily for dementia and memory impairment, and 120 to 160 mg daily for intermittent claudication and tinnitus. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhea, vomiting, allergic reactions, pruritus, headache, dizziness, and nose bleeds. 

Ginkgo biloba dried leaf extract is usually standardized to contain 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. The daily dose ranges from 120 to 240 mg of the dried extract in two or three divided doses. 

EGb761 is made up of 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpenes, which are accepted as active prindples. Many undesirable constituents of Ginkgo biloba leaves (e.g., ginkgolic add due to its allergic action) are eliminated by the extraction procedures used to prepare the extract... 

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