Metabolism glycolytic

ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1980. 

Analogous experiments were carried out using mitochondria as the electron transfer catalyst and succinate as the electron source. While large differences between the aerobic and anaerobic rates of metal complexatlon were also observed In this system, only 1-3% of the metal was coordinated as RuCII) even under relatively forcing conditions C38). 

A partial summary of the results of biological studies performed In collaboration with other laboratories are summarized In Tables II and III. In vitro work on the mutagenic properties of a series of ruthenium compounds has recently been carried out by Yashin, Hlehl and Matthews ( ). Kelman, Edmonds and Feresie have studied the Inhibition of cellular DNA and protein synthesis and were involved In the submission of a number of ruthenium compounds to the NCI for screening in animal tumor systems C )  

The results of the Ames test for mutagenesis Indicate that many ruthenium compounds Introduce serious lesions into cellular genetic material so that an error-prone DNA repair mechanism is Induced. These results are similar to those obtained for clsplatln (M) and suggest that these complexes probably bind directly to nuclear DNA. In concert with this, many of the ruthenium complexes also Inhibit cellular DNA synthesis (H, ), another property also noted for the cls-platlnum drugs. Unfortunately, however, there Is no correlation between either of these studies and the antitumor activity of ruthenium compounds tested In animal systems. 

A high percentage of the compounds tested, which would be expected to function as Ru(III)-prodrugs, have exhibited antitumor activity In rats. An exception to this are those complexes containing blpyrldyl or o-phenanthrollne ligands which strongly stabilize the lower valent state and which 

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Hunter ES III, Tugman JA (1995) Inhibitors of glycolytic metabolism affect neumlation-stage mouse conceptuses in vitro. Teratology 52 317-323... 

In plant leaves, nitrate reduction requires NADH produced by glycolytic activity (13), The ozone-induced depression of glycolytic metabolism in soybean leaves was also reflected in a depressed rate of nitrate reduction ( ), A single ozone exposure depressed the vivo nitrate reductase (NR) activity about 60% (Table III), To determine if ozone affected the NR protein directly, the in vitro NR activity was determined in leaf extracts from plants exposed to 0 and 980 pg/m ozone. 

Hall, I. H., . H. Lee, W. L. Williams, T. Kimura, and T. Hiryama. 1980. Antitumor agents XLI effects of eupaformosanin on nucleic acid, protein, and anerobic and aerobic glycolytic metabolism of Ehrlich ascites cells. J. Pharm. Sci. 69 294-297. 

Griner RD, Aleo MD, Schnellmann RG (1993), The role of short chain fatty acid substrates in aerobic and glycolytic metabolism in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells, In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim. 29A 649-655. 

Phosphoglycomutase (bacterial) One Meth residue in ezyme active center Enzyme inactivitation, abolition of glucose glycolytic metabolism (S59)... 

S. Bishop, and R. Altschuld, Increased glycolytic metabolism in cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure, Am J Physiol 218, 153-159 (1970). 

It is advantageous for aerobic tissues (e.g., heart and brain) to retain a significant amount of pyruvate which can be oxidized in the citric acid cycle and result in the production of ATP. On the other hand, in anaerobic tissue such as in skeletal muscle, where there are occasional high demands for energy and where no ATP production is possible via the citric acid cycle, it is essential for there to be an effective glycolytic metabolism with lactic acid as the end product (Fig. 1). The latter can then be recirculated in the bloodstream. 

Axenically cultured amastigote-like cells of T. cruzi have an essentially glycolytic metabolism. They ferment glucose to sueeinate and aeetate and do not seem to excrete ammonia. Only after they reach stationary phase and transform to epimastigotes do they acquire the ability to oxidize substrates such as amino acids (25). Whether these amastigote-like cells resemble in their earbohydrate metabolism the intracellular stages in the mammalian host remains an open question. 

Asotra, K. (1986). Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in rtormal and denervated developing chick gastrocnemii reappraisal of glycogenolytic and glycolytic metabolism in skeletal muscle. Exp. Path., 29, 103-12. 

Goldman et al (1964) demonstrated a shift from B -LDH to A4-LDH in a large number of cancers. In many cases an absolute increase in A4 subunits could be detected. The shift was initially explained in terms of the proposed difference, mentioned earlier, in the physiological functions of these two isoenzymes (Dawson et al 1964 Goldman et al, 1964). Rapidly growing tumors are considered to have a relatively anaerobic, mainly, glycolytic metabolism thus, a shift toward the anaerobic isoenzyme A4 seemed to confirm the validity of the aerobic—anaerobic model of isoenzyme function. And, of course, the widespread view of cancerous cells as unspecialized or undifferentiated made a shift toward an embryonic or fetal pattern seem all the more understandable. 

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