Glycolipids bacterial lipopolysaccharides

In the area of glycolipids reviews have been published on the synthesis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, glycolipid oligosaccharides and Sia Le and sulfated analogues as selectin receptors, and glycosphingolipids containing poly-iV-acetylactosamine and polyglycosylceramides. ... 

The glycosyl phosphopolyprenols (10.63) are usually classed as a type of glycolipid since they are formed as intermediates in the biosynthesis of teichoic acids and bacterial lipopolysaccharides. 

Complex oligosaccharides are major parts of many biomolecules (glycolipids, glycoproteins, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, etc.) and they have a variety of functions. Much interest has been focussed on Lewis antigen structures which are found in glycosphingoUpids and on glycoproteins. Many syntheses have... 

Among the important glycolipids, which are combinations of carbohydrate and lipid, are the cerebrosides and gangliosides. These are constituents of brain and nervous tissue and are usually considered with lipids because they are water-insoluble. Water-soluble polymers of high relative molecular mass containing lipid and carbohydrate, known as lipopolysaccharides, are found in bacterial cell walls. 

The occurrence of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in lipopoly-saccharides has prompted its synthesis,537 together with the D-gal-octo158 and the D-gluco analogs.157 Although gas-liquid chromatography was successfully used to analyze the products of these syntheses, it has been reported that methanolysis of a bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide failed to yield 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, presumably because of the lability of the latter to acid.381 However, Kasai and Nowotny have reported four peaks for the O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid obtained by methanolysis of the glycolipid from a Salmonella minnesota mutant.538 Reduced 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid and its methyl ester have also been analyzed successfully as their acetates.339,539... 

In this chapter, we reviewed recent works on chemical syntheses of sphingoglycolipids, glyc-eroglycolipids, bacterial glycolipids such as mycoloyl arabinan partial structure, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), Re-type lipopolysaccharides, glycophosphatidylinositols, and other glycolipids with unique structures. 

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