Glutaraldehyde degradation

The degradation rate was decreased by crosslinking CG matrices in 0.25% glutaraldehyde. Degradation rates in collagenase were assayed in... 

Recently the use of another bifunctional reagent, glutaraldehyde, has been described for the stabilization of DNA complexes with cationic peptide CWK18 [104]. The authors of this paper, however, limited the study to the protective effects toward nuclease degradation. 

Vinyl ethers are important raw materials in the production of glutaraldehyde, as well as of vinyl polymer materials which contain oxygen and are expected to degrade easily in Nature. The [IrCl(cod)]2 catalyzes an efficient exchange reaction between vinyl acetate 57 and alcohols or phenols 58, leading to the corresponding vinyl ethers 59 (Equation 10.11) [27]. Usually, the acid-catalyzed exchange reaction between alcohols and vinyl acetate results in alkyl acetates 60, and also to vinyl alcohol 61 which is readily isomerized to acetaldehyde 62. 

On treatment of glutaraldehyde with 2-hydroxy-3-nitropropionic acid, only 2-nitrocyclohexane-l,3-diol could be isolated in 10% yield, indicating that, under the conditions used, a retro-aldol degradation takes place with liberation of nitromethane. However, when using methyl 2-methoxy-3-nitropropionate, which cannot undergo a retro-nitro-methane addition", products (101) and (102) are obtained in yields of 7 and 13% respectively... 

Glutaraldehyde Typically effective in 3-8 hours against all bacteria 100 ppm for a 50% solution used weekly Stable under temperature and pH fluctuations degraded by H2S incompatible with polyacrylamine... 

Huang-Lee, L. L. H., Cheung, D. T., and Nimni, M. E. (1990). Biochemical changes and cytotoxicity associated with the degradation of polymeric glutaraldehyde derived crosslinks. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 24,1185-1201. 

A system underpinned by commercially made screen-printed electrochemical cells was described by Palmisano et al. [19]. The cells were converted into biosensors for lactate in milk and yoghurt by addition of an electrochemically polymerised barrier to interference and a layer composed of lactate oxidase, glutaraldehyde and BSA. These steps appeared to have been carried out by hand. As there was no outer diffusion-limiting membrane, the linear range of the sensors was quite small (0-0.7 mM). They were incorporated into a FIA with a microdialysis unit based on a planar membrane and a buffer reservoir (earlier work used a microdialysis fibre with a platinum electrode [29]. The concentration of lactate was determined in various milks (0.27-1.64 mM), and in raw milk (c. 0.5-0.9 mM) left to degrade on the laboratory bench. The recovery of the microdialysis unit, 2.6%, implied that the sensor had an ability to return measurable currents for very low concentrations of lactate. A further implication is that the electro-polymerised layer was very effective at preventing interference. 

Chitosan and hydroxypropylchitosan were found to be enzymatically degraded so that they can be used for implantable controlled-release dosage forms. Due to the moieties of chitosan (i.e., amine and hydroxyl groups), chitosan can be cross-linked or complexed with citric acid, EDTA, or glutaraldehyde, and the cross-linked or complexed chitosans have been applied to drug delivery systems. 

---