Glutaraldehyde derivatives

Huang-Lee, L. L. H., Cheung, D. T., and Nimni, M. E. (1990). Biochemical changes and cytotoxicity associated with the degradation of polymeric glutaraldehyde derived crosslinks. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 24,1185-1201. 

Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms. This procedure can render an object safe for use. Disinfectants include solutions of hypochlorites, tinctures of iodine or iodophores, phenoHc derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics). Effective use of disinfected materials must be judged by properly trained personnel. 

Figure 1.105 Glutaraldehyde can undergo complex reactions with amine groups, resulting in aldehyde-containing derivatives that can be used in conjugation reactions.

Reactions with dialdehydes allow the introduction of two additional rings in one step. Thus, condensation of 1 -(2-aminoethyl)pyrrole with glutaraldehyde and benzotriazole gives tricyclic intermediate 627 in which the benzotriazolyl moiety can be readily substituted with nucleophiles to give products 628 (Scheme 97) <2002JOC8220>. Condensation of ethyl ester of L-tryptophan with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and benzotriazole in acetic acid gives tetracyclic intermediate 629 which upon treatment with nucleophiles (silyl derivatives) is converted to products 630 <1999T3489>. 

In a second step, the gel is fimctionahzed for NA attachment. Common methods for polyacrylamide gel fimctionahzation are based on the treatment of the polymerized support with reagents such as hydrazine or ethylenedi-amine. These treatments generate amine groups in the gel that can react with amine-modified ONDs via glutaraldehyde coupling, or directly with oxidized DNA probes (Fig. 15). Alternatively, the fimctional groups may be introduced by copolymerization reactions (e.g. co-polymerization with N-hydroxysuccinimide acryhc or oxirane acryhc derivatives) [59]. 

Several other nitromethylene compounds, such as 1-nitropropane 8) phenyl nitromethane. 52) and 3-nitropropionic acid derivatives "9, have been tested for their ability to form cyclization products, in each case with glutaraldehyde as the standard dialdehyde component. 

The reaction of glutaraldehyde with 3-nitropropionic acid derivatives in each case 5delds complex mixtures, allowing the isolation of individual products in rather low yields only. 

Amino groups on proteins may be reacted with the bis-aldehyde compound glutaraldehyde to form activated derivatives able to cross-link with other proteins. The reaction mechanism for this modification proceeds by one of several possible routes. In the first option, one of the aldehyde ends can form a Schiff base linkage with e-amines... 

Conjugation via Glutaraldehyde Coupling to Phosphatidylethanolamine Lipid Derivatives... 

Cellulose carbamate and its derivatives are able to immobilize enzymes easily with the help of dialdehydes such as dialdehyde starch, glutaraldehyde, and glyoxal [62]. Since cellulose triphenylcarbamate or tricarbanilate prepared... 

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