Glutamine sugar beet

Glutamine Sugar beet, lemon Sweet orange Eremophelone Eremophila mitcheli... 

L-Glutamic acid from hyrolyzate of wheat gluten by H. Ritthausen. Structure W. Dittmer, 1872 W. Markovnikov, 1876. Synthesis from levulinic acid L. Wolff, 1890. 1877 L-Glutamine from sugar beet, E. Schulze, see glutamic acid. 

Vulgaxanthin a yellow betaxanthin from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). In VI, a betalamic acid moiety is linked to glutamic acid, in V.H, the betalamic acid is linked to glutamine. 

Glutamine was first isolated from sugar beet juice by Schulze and Bosshard in 1883. Its occurrence in protein (edestin) was confirmed by Damodaran in 1932. Glutamine is readily converted into pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which is stable between pH 2.2 and 4.0, but is readily cleaved to glutamic acid at other pH s ... 

Glutamine from sugar beets forms polyamino acids.2i 22... 

First, a slice of the animal or plant tissue is cut. This is inserted between two semi-permeable membranes which are then attached to the transducer. The transducer is generally a p02, pCX>2 or pNHs electrode which already has its own gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane [17]. The animal tissue may be rabbit or bovine liver, rabbit muscle or intestinal mucosa. Cell components can even be used, for example, mitochondria. These organelles make the biosensor more selective because they contain more specific enzymes. A glutamine-sensitive biosensor was thus constructed by inmnobiliang mitochondria firom pig kidney cells on a dialysis membrane. Plant tissue can also be immobilized on the sensitive element of an electrode uring mechanical retention. Tissue from sugar beet [87], yellow squash, com kernels, and cucumber [88] and spinach [89] leaves have been immobilized in this way. 

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