Glutamic acid diamine

Varela et al. have described some stereoregular hydroxylated polymannaramides (91) [93] by reaction of o-mannaro-l,4 6,3-dilactone (90) with even-numbered alkylenediamines (n = 2, 6, 8, 10, 12). Hydroxylated stereoregular and nonstereoregular polyamides were also prepared by the same authors [94] from hexam-ethylene diamine and pentachlorophenyl (25)-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate 93, the latter being derived [95] from the chiral (25)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid 5,2-lactone (92), a compound obtained [96] by deamination of the easily available L-glutamic acid. 

The diamine (99) was prepared from (S)-proline90b) or (S)-glutamic acid I15) maintaining the asymmetric center. Racemic 2-(anilinomethyl)pyrrolidine, prepared from (RS)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, was effectively resolved into a pair of enantiomers by fractional crystallization of its mandelic acid salt U6). Moreover, the preferential crystallization of its 4-hydrobenzoic acid salt was found to produce both enantiomers in high optical purities by alternate seeding116). 

Phthalimidoglutaric acid (18), readily prepared from glutamic acid and phthalic anhydride, has served as a precursor for the preparation of several interesting condensation polymers (76MI1110l). For example, it is readily transformed (Scheme 7) into diisocyanate (19), which was utilized for the preparation of a number of optically active polyureas (by reaction with diamines), polyurethanes (by reaction with diols) and polyurea-urethanes (by reaction with amino alcohols). 

Poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(glutamic acid) block copolymers containing cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum, (IV), were prepared by Kataoka [3]. The micelle diameters were roughly 22 nm, and these block copolymers were used as antineoplastic drug delivery agents. 

Asn = asparagine CitH2 = citric acid tu = thiourea see Thiourea), Ettu = ethylenethiourea Glu = glutamic acid Met = methionine tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Mee tren = tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine, en = ethane-1,2-diamine pn = propane-1,2-diamine. 

In an overwhelming majority of cases the diamine 1 is (S)-2-(anilino-methyl)pyrrolidine (Ar = Ph), easily obtained from L-glutamic acid and nowadays commercially available. 

Durmishidze, 8. V., and Mosiashrili, G. I. 1948. Triose as a hydrogen acceptor in the process of diaminization of glutamic acid during alcoholic fermentation (transl.). Biokhimiia vinodeliia 2, 143-148. 

The principal aim of this research was to obtain new types of linear chains rich in amide bonds and along which asymmetric diketopiperazine chromophores are regularly enchained. The CD curves of polymers compared to that of a model compound tend to exclude any interactions among the chromophores along the polymeric chain. Other polyamides based on diketopiperazines of /-glutamic acid or /-aspartic acid by reaction with a variety of diamines have also been investigated [40]. More recently, Cvescenzi et al. [41] prepared mixed polyamide-polyurethane copolymers by reaction of 3,6-bifunctional 2,5-diketopiper-azine with aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates... 

Acetylcholine is formed from choline (which is also an important constituent of phospholipids) and acetyl CoA under the catalytic influence of choline acetyl-ase. It is hydrolised by acetylcholinesterase or choline esterase. Two important steps in the formation of noradrenaline from tyr dopa decarboxylase and dopamine hydroxylase. Adrenaline is formed from noradrenaline by phenyl ethanolamine A -methyltransferase. Both noradrenaline and adrenaline are metabolised by catechol 0-methyl transferase or monoamine oxidase. Some later steps in their metabolism involve aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (aldehyde reductase), After hydroxylation to its 5-hydroxy derivative, tryptophan is converted by 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase to 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). The major routes of serotonin metabolism involve either monoamine oxidase or hydroxyindole 0-methyltransferase. Histamine is synthesised from histidine by histidine decarboxylase, and is metabolised by either diamine oxidase or histamine Af-methyltransferase. Gamma aminobutyric acid is formed by glutamate decarboxylase and metabolised by... 

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