3- Hydroxypentanedioic acid

The biosynthesis of terpenes clearly follows a somewhat different course from fatty acids in that branched-chain compounds are formed. One way that this can come about is for 2-oxobutanoyl coenzyme A to undergo an aldol addition at the keto carbonyl group with the ethanoyl coenzyme A to give the 3-methyl-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid derivative, 8 ... 

Carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, dihydrate. See 5-Sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt. See Sodium citrate 3-Carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole trisodium salt. See FD C Yellow No. 5 Tartrazine 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt. See L-Carnitine... 

Synonyms 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt Citric acid monosodium salt Citric acid sodium salt 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, monosodium salt Monosodium citrate (INCI)... 

Amino-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid, A-20130 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinecarboxylic acid, A-20123... 

Dalman LH (1937) Ternary systems of urea and acids. IV. U rea, citric acid and water. V. U rea, acetic acid and water. VI. Urea, tartaric acid and water. J Am Chem Soc 59 775-779 Apelblat A, Manzurola E (1987) Solubility of oxalic, malonic, succinic, adipic, maleic, malic, citric, and tartaric acids in water from 278.15 K to 338.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn 19 317-320 Yang H, Wang J (2011) Solubilities of 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid in ethanol, butan-l-ol, water, acetone, and methylbenzene. J Chem Eng Data 56 1449-1451 Daneshfar A, Baghlami M, Sarabi RS, Sahraei R, Abassi A, Kariyan H, Khezeli T (2012) Solubility of citric, malonic, and malic acids in different solvents from 303.2-333.2 K. Fluid Phase Equilib 313 11-15... 

Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt. See Sodium citrate 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt. See L-Carnitine... 

Synonyms 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid sodium salt Citric acid monosodium salt Citric acid sodium salt 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, monosodium salt Monosodium citrate (INCI) Monosodium citrate anhydrous Monosodium-2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate MSC 1,2,3-Propanetricar-boxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt Sodium citrate primary Sodium dihydrogen citrate Empiricai CgH NaO ... 

Isocitric acid, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle of food metabolism, has the systematic name (2/ ,3S)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid. Draw the structure. 

Varela et al. have described some stereoregular hydroxylated polymannaramides (91) [93] by reaction of o-mannaro-l,4 6,3-dilactone (90) with even-numbered alkylenediamines (n = 2, 6, 8, 10, 12). Hydroxylated stereoregular and nonstereoregular polyamides were also prepared by the same authors [94] from hexam-ethylene diamine and pentachlorophenyl (25)-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate 93, the latter being derived [95] from the chiral (25)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid 5,2-lactone (92), a compound obtained [96] by deamination of the easily available L-glutamic acid. 

Oxidation of diethyl 2-aUyl-2-hydroxypentanedioate by RnCyaq. Na(IO )/ CHjCN-EtOAc gave triethyl homocitrate and the corresponding lactone [209]. Oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaric acid by RnCyaq. Na(C10)/CCl or CH Cl showed that addition of CHjCN and also NaOH greatly improved yields [210]. Perfluoro alkenes were cleaved by Ru02/IO(OH)j, Na(ClO) or CH COOOH/water-Freon 113 to carboxylic acids CO was also formed or, in the case of perfluoropro-pene, pefluoroacetic acid and COF (Table 3.6) [211]. 

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