Glutamate transport

Orexin neurons, likely to be glutamatergic themselves, express the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3, vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, secretogranin II, ionotropic (NMDAR,... 

Several compounds that inhibit vesicular glutamate transport have been identified These include the dyes Evans Blue and Rose Bengal. In addition, the stilbene derivative 4,4 -diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2 -disulfonic acid (DEDS), a compound commonly used as a specific inhibitor of anion channels, inhibits vesicular glutamate transport. Most known inhibitors have limited use as they are membrane impermeant, with the exception of Rose Bengal. 

VGLUT is short for vesicular glutamate transporter. Vesicular Transporters... 

Montana V, Ni Y, Sunjara V, Hua X, Parpura V (2004) Vesicular glutamate transporter-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes. J Neurosci 24 2633-2642 Murphy TH, Blatter LA, Wier WG, Baraban JM (1993) Rapid communication between neurons and astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. J Neurosci 13 2672-2679 Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hebert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, Power CA (2000) International union of pharmacology. XXll. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 52 145-176... 

Dingledine, R et al. (1999) The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol. Rev. 51 7-61. Frerking, M and Nicoll, RA (2000) Synaptic kainate receptors. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10 342-351. Gegelashvili, G and Schousboe, A (1997) High affinity glutamate transporters regulation of expression and activity. Mol. Pharmacol. 52 6-15. 

Aschner M, Yao CP, Allen JW, Tan KH. 2000. Methylmercury alters glutamate transport in astrocytes. Neurochem Int 37 199-206. 

Nakagawa, T., Fujio, M., Ozawa, T., Minami, M., Satoh, M. Effect of MS-153, a glutamate transporter activator, on the conditioned rewarding effects of morphine, methamphetamine and cocaine in mice. 

Kanai, Y. and M. A. Hediger. Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter. Nature 1992, 360, 467-471. 

Kanai, Y., et al. Electrogenic properties of the epithelial and neuronal high affinity glutamate transporter. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 16561-16568. 

FIGURE 5-1 3 (A, B) Structure of a glutamate transporter. This bacterial glutamate transporter provides the first high-resolution model of a glutamate transporter [88]. The X-ray data indicate a trimeric structure. (A) A view of the trimer extracellularly and perpendicular to the bilayer. 

The other subfamily, SLC1, includes the Na+-dependent glutamate transporters. It encompasses some amino- and carboxylic-acid transporters including glutamate transporters that are expressed in bacteria. X-ray diffraction data have been obtained from crystals of one of these [43] (Fig. 5-13). Analysis of multiple sequence alignments indicates that this molecule has a high degree of structural... 

Glutamate transporters in brain are coded by five different but closely related genes, SLC1A1-4 and SLC1A6. There are several trivial names for each of the corresponding proteins. The transporters can all symport one Glu, with three Na+ and one H+, and antiport one K+ within each cycle, but they differ in their cellular expression. 

Yernool, D., Boudker, O., Jin, Y. and Gouaux, E. Structure of a glutamate transporter homologue from Pyococcus horiko-shii. Nature 431 811-818, 2004. 

Lehre, K. P. and Danbolt, N. C. The number of glutamate transporter subtype molecules at glutamatergic synapses chemical and stereological quantification in young adult rat brain. /. Neurosci. 18 8751-8757,1998. 

Somogyi, J., Baude, A., Omori, Y. et al. GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecysokinin contain vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3). Eur J. Neurosci. 19 552-569,... 

SYNAPTIC VESICLES ACCUMULATE TRANSMITTER GLUTAMATE BY VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS 270... 

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