Glutamate corticostriatal

The deficit of cortico-striatal innervation that is presumably responsible for reported losses of striatal glutamate uptake sites (Aparicio-Legarza et al., 1997 Simpson et al., 1992), is likely to contribute to the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia. These have been described as having similarities to the subcortical dementia (Pantelis et al., 1992) seen in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders disturbances of corticostriatal function are thought to underlie this pattern of cognitive deficits that include disturbances of attention, executive function and short-term memory. 

In addition to an abnormality in the corticostriatal system, it is also possible that a disorder in the dopamine-glutamate system occurs in other subcortical regions which could account for some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia. The hippocampus and the associated entorhinal cortex are important areas of the brain concerned in memory formation, information... 

Numerous studies have demonstrated synaptic plasticity at the levels of corticostriatal glutamate synapses, exhibiting either LTD or LTP depending on the experimental conditions (see reviews, Centonze et al., 2001 Reynolds and Wickens, 2002). Dl-type receptors and DARPP-32 are required for induction of both LTD and LTP (Calabresi et al., 2000 Kerr and Wickens, 2001). In the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,... 

Divac I, Fonnum F, Storm-Mathisen J (1977) High affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons. Nature 266 377-378. 

Fonnum F, Storm-Mathisen J, Divac I (1981) Biochemical evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in corticostriatal and corticothalamic fibres in rat brain. Neuroscience 6 863-873. 

Girault JA, Barbeito L, Spampinato U, Gozlan H, Glowinski J, Besson MJ (1986) In vivo release of endogenous amino acids from the rat striatum further evidence for a role of glutamate and aspartate in corticostriatal neurotransmission. J Neurochem 47 98-106. 

Levy LM, Lehre KP, Walaas SI, Storm-Mathisen J, Danbolt NC (1993a) Down regulation of a glial glutamate transporter in striatum after destruction of the glutamatergic corticostriatal projection. J Neurochem 67 S208. 

Brown TM, Brotchie JM, Fitzjohn SM (2003b) Cannabinoids decrease corticostriatal synaptic transmission via an effect on glutamate uptake. J Neurosci 23 11073-11077... 

Neurons in layer 5 in most cortical areas provide input to the striatum. All corticostriatal neurons are pyramidal neurons and utilize glutamate as a neurotransmitter. Corticostriatal neurons may be divided into several types based on their connections within the cortex, their projections to other subcortical areas, and their laminar distribution within the cortex. Three corticostriatal cell subtypes have been definitely identified, using double retrograde tracing or intracellular staining or both. Neurons in the frontal... 

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