Glucose 6-phosphate metabolism

Despite the fact that the formation of these alkoxo and aryloxo vanadates is not favored relative to many other ligated species, they can still have important influences in enzymic systems. It has, for instance, been shown that vanadate in the presence of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase readily produces gluconic acid, a normal product of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism [3], Similar reactivity has been observed with a number of enzymes that metabolize phosphate compounds [4],... 

The net energy yield from 3 moles of glucose 6-phosphate metabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway and then the last portion of the glycolytic pathway is 6 moles of NADPH, 3 moles of CO2, 5 moles of NADH, 8 moles of ATP, and 5 moles of pyruvate. In contrast, the metabolism of 3 moles of glucose 6-phos-phate through glycolysis is 6 moles of NADH, 9 moles of ATP, and 6 moles of pyruvate. 

Eschrich, K., W. Schellenberger E. Hofmann. 1990. A hysteretic cycle in glucose 6-phosphate metabolism observed in a cell-free yeast extract. Eur. 

Oh YJ, Lee TH, Lee SH, Oh EJ, Ryu YW, Kim MD, Seo JH. (2007). Dual modulation of glucose 6-phosphate metabolism to increase NADPH-dependent xyhtol production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Gated B-Enzym, 47, 37 2. 

Ganguli, N. C., and Banerjee, A. B., 1961, Metabolic studies on scorbutic guinea pigs. 1. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate metabolism, J. Biol. Chem. 236 979-982. 

Cells require a constant supply of N/ X)PH for reductive reactions vital to biosynthetic purposes. Much of this requirement is met by a glucose-based metabolic sequence variously called the pentose phosphate pathway, the hexose monophosphate shunt, or the phosphogluconate pathway. In addition to providing N/VDPH for biosynthetic processes, this pathway produces ribos 5-phosphate, which is essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Several metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway can also be shuttled into glycolysis. 

C13-0108. The first step of glucose metabolism is an enzyme-catalyzed condensation reaction between phosphoric acid and the CH2 OH hydroxyl on glucose. Draw the structure of this glucose phosphate. 

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. GPI plays an essential role in carbohydrate metabolism in all cells of the body. The substrates of this enzyme, ffuc-... 

Under basal conditions 5% of brain glucose is metabolized via the pentose phosphate shunt (PPS), also termed the hexose monophosphate pathway [66], a pathway active in both neurons and astrocytes. The PPS has... 

The biological activity of magnesium is manifold. It serves as an indicator for many enzyme reactions, predominantly phosphate metabolism (e.g. as a co-factor in the phosphorylation of glucose). It also plays a part in the regulation of the neuromuscular excitation process. 

Fanconi syndrome (metabolic acidosis secondary to malfunction of proximal renal tubules, resulting in urinary excretion of amino acids, glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, uric acid, and other substances) secondary to longterm valproic acid has been described in an 8-year-old boy with severe developmental disability (1170). In a review of 10 previous reports of Fanconi syndrome secondary to long-term valproic acid therapy the authors found that all occurred at 4-14 years, all had taken valproic acid for 10 months to 10 years, and symptoms were fully reversible within 2-14 months after withdrawal of valproic acid. Most of the patients (9 of 11) were severely disabled, bedridden, or wheelchair-bound. 

DC Kaslow, S Hill. Cloning metabolic pathway genes by complementation in Escherichia coli. Isolation and expression of Plasmodium falciparum glucose phosphate isomerase. J Biol Chem 265 12337-12341, 1990. 

Similar experiments performed on ginkgo embryos also revealed an unexpected labeling pattern of the isoprene units of the diterpenoid skeletons. In this case, glucose is metabolized via glycolysis and a retrobiosynthetic analysis was in accordance with the formation of isoprene units from pyruvate and from a triose phosphate derivative (Fig. 5b) (3). 

DAG and Ins( 1,4,5)P3 are thought to possess regulatory functions in the process of insulin release. Further products of inositol phosphate metabolism will not be discussed here. Phosphoinositol turnover is, however, neither necessary nor sufficient to initiate insulin release (Axen et al., 1983 Layschock, 1983), but it has been found to augment glucose-induced secretion of insulin. 

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