Glucose neonatal

Brain Coordination of the nervous system Glycolysis, amino acid metabolism Glucose, amino acid, ketone bodies (in starvation) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in neonate Lactate ... 

Kinnala, A., Suhonen-Polvi, H., Aarimaa, T. etal. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during the first six months of life an FDG positron emission tomography study. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonat. Ed. 74 F153-F157,1996. 

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, first describ ed by Baker and Winegrad in 1970, has now been reported in approximately 30 cases. It is more common in women and is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. Initial manifestations are not strikingly dissimilar from those of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common presenting feature, associated with profound metabolic acidosis, irritability or coma, apneic spells, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotonia and moderate hepatomegaly. Lactate, alanine, uric acid and ketone bodies are elevated in the blood and urine [11]. The enzyme is deficient in liver, kidney, jejunum and leukocytes. Muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity is normal. 

Rogers JM, Morelli L, Grabowski CT. 1984. Plasma glucose and protein concentrations in rat fetuses and neonates exposed to cataractogenic doses of mirex. Environ Res 34 155-161. 

Neonatal rats (1-2 days old) are killed by decapitation and then sprayed with 70% ethanol for desinfection. After thoracotomy the pericard is opened and the heart removed. Bath the organ in ice-cold PBS/glucose solution in a Petri dish to remove blood. Remove atria, transfer the heart to another Petri dish, chop up the ventricles with two sterile scalpels and incubate in 7 ml desaggregation solution and stir gently (140 rpm) at 37 °C. Allow sedimentation of the tissue and remove the supernatant. Add fresh dissociation solution and repeat this procedure 6 times. Suspend the supernatants in the medium for resuspension of supernatants (each in 8-9 ml, ice-cold). 

In 534 individuals aged 30 years, whose mothers had participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antenatal betamethasone (two intramuscular doses 24 hours apart) for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, there were no differences between those exposed to betamethasone and placebo in body size, blood lipids, blood pressure, plasma cortisol, prevalence of diabetes, or history of cardiovascular disease (397). After the oral glucose tolerance test, those who had been exposed to betamethasone had higher plasma insulin concentrations at 30 minutes (61 versus 52 mIU/1) and lower glucose concentrations at 120 minutes (4.8 versus 5.1 mmol/1) than did those exposed to placebo. Antenatal exposure to betamethasone might result in insulin resistance in adult offspring, but has no effect on cardiovascular risk factors at 30 years of age. 

In six women with gestational diabetes, acarbose 50 mg before meals normalized fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations (67). The pregnancies were uneventful and the neonates were healthy. Internal discomfort persisted during the whole pregnancy. 

In biosensor systems employing this type of mediator, the natural substrate for GOD (molecular oxygen) is replaced by a compound which is carefully chosen to be capable of carrying out the same role. The mediator serves to re-oxidise the reduced form of GOD (Eq. (23.2)), following its interaction with glucose (Eq. (23.1)). Consequently, these systems can be operated at the potential of the mediator couple (Eq. (23.3)) and 02 concentration at the electrode/solution interface does not become a limiting factor in the analysis this is particularly important in samples where 02 concentrations are low, such as neonatal blood or microbial fermentations. 

For additional members of the late fetal (A), neonatal (B), and late suckling (C) cluster of enzymes see ref. 8. G6P-ase, glucose-6-phosphatase glutamate DH, glutamate dehydrogenase malate-NADP DH, malic enzyme TRY Oxygenase, tryptophan oxygenase. 

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