Glucose biosynthesis stimulation

We observed that this activity is maximum five days after culture inoculation. Its biosynthesis is influenced by the glucose concentration. It is also stimulated hy pectin concentrations similar to the ones seen in fruit juices. 

The biosynthesis and release of insulin by the pancreatic B cells (see p. 160) is stimulated by high blood glucose levels (> 5 mM). The insulin released then stimulates increased uptake and utilization of glucose by the cells of the muscle and adipose tissues. As a result, the blood glucose level falls back to its normal value, and further release of insulin stops. 

Based on reports of other groups and own experience key parameters were selected, which influence the process performance. Easily-utilized carbon sources such as glucose have been known for long time ago to exert negative effects on -lactam biosynthesis [1-4]. Methionine markedly stimulates CPC and penicillin N (PEN) formation by A. chrysogenum [5, 6] and influences the morphology [7]. 

In human adipose tissue, palmitoyl-CoA is usually used in the first glycerol-3-phosphate acylation reaction. The next two acyl residues are normally unsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and, less commonly, linoleic acid. Triglyceride biosynthesis is stimulated by insulin, most likely via its activation of lipoprotein lipase and its activity in moving glucose into the cells. 

It has been well-documented that insulin stimulates glucose transport in adipocytes by increasing the Vmax for the reaction rather than by exerting any dramatic effect on the Km for this process. This action is rapid and reversible and is not due to the biosynthesis of new carrier molecules [28,38]. 

Insulin stimulates protein biosynthesis by a mechanism which is not directly dependent upon its action in stimulating the uptake and accumulation of amino acids by the cells. Insulin increases the incorporation of amino acids into the protein of a number of tissues, an effect which is dependent on the presence of glucose. 

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