Globus pallidus lesions

DeLong, M., and Coyle,J. T., 1979, Globus pallidus lesions in monkey produced by kainic acid histologic an behavioral effects, Appl Neurophysiol 42 95-97. 

Ennaceur A. Effects of lesions of the substantia innominata ventra pallidum globus pallidus and medial septum on rat s performance in object-recognition and radial-maze tasks physostigmine and amphetamine treatments. Pharmacol Res 1998 38 251-263. 

Evenden JL, Marston HM, Jones GH, Giardini V, Lenard L, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (1989) Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the substantia innominata, ventral and dorsal globus pallidus on visual discrimination, acquisition, performance and reversal in the rat. Behav Brain Res 32 129-149. 

Lesions in different anatomical sites of the structures that make up the motor loop can be used to create models of movement disorders (Fig. 1). When the subthalamic nucleus is lesioned, a disruption of the indirect pathway results the decline of glutamatergic stimulation of internal globus pallidus/substantia nigra zona reticulata (SNR) neurons via subthalamico-pallidonigral pathways reveals diminished inhibition of the excitatory thalamocortical pathways. The clinical consequence of this lesion is a proximal ballistic movement of the limbs. 

PanH S., Frey K. A, Young A B., and Penney ] B, Jr (1983) Changes in [ H] muscimol binding in substantia nigra, entopeduncular nucleus, globus pallidus, and thalamus after striatal lesions as demon-... 

An MRI scan after 1 month of treatment showed complete disappearance of the brain lesions and the hyperintensities in the globus pallidus. After another month of intensive neuro-rehabUitation, the patient was able to interact with the medical staff, and her neuropsychological tests showed only mild memory impairment. 

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