Globule shape

The fluctuations in the curvature of the surfactant film separating oil and water domains, which cause fluctuations in globule shapes and inter-globule interactions. 

In order to estimate the region of this approximation applicability, it is necessary to examine macrokinetics of a polymeranalogous reaction with explicit allowance for the diffusion of a reagent Z into a globule. In this case, the profile of its constituent monomeric units will be fuzzy rather than stepwise (see Fig. 1). This brings up two questions. The first one is how this profile depends on kinetic and diffusion parameters of a reaction system. The second question is concerned with the effect of the profile shape on the statistical characteristics of the chemical structure of the products of a polymeranalogous reaction. A rigorous theory has been developed [22,23] which enables us to answer these questions. The main concepts of this theory are outlined in the subsequent Sections. 

The chemical shift dispersion (Table 1) and the temperature dependence of the resonance hne shape provides a qualitative measure of whether the structure is well ordered [2]. However, NMR spectroscopy also provides information relevant to the problem of protein folding in the study of the molten globule states. NMR spectroscopic investigations of molten globules may be more demanding than those of ordered proteins due to spectral overlap arising from poor shift dispersion and to short relaxation times that are due to conformational exchange at intermediate rates on the NMR time scale. 

The structural organization of the components of a cheese, especially the protein network, affect the cheese texture in particular the stress at fracture, the modulus, and work at fracture could be predicted very well from the size of the protein aggregates (Wium et al., 2003). Cheeses having a regular and close protein matrix with small and uniform (in size and shape) fat globules show a more elastic behavior than cheeses with open structure and numerous and irregular cavities (Buffa et al., 2001). 

Do both glass globules have the same shape If both glass globules do not have the same shape, what does this mean about the atomic structure of glass ... 

The glass globules should not have the same shape. Glasses have a random atomic structure. As a glass globule cools, it can assume any shape. 

Fig. 6 Typical cylinder-shaped globules of polymers containing amphiphilic monomer units. Darker spots denote hydrophobic backbone nodes inside the core, lighter spots are hydrophilic side groups comprising the shell of the globule. (Adapted from Ref. [24])...

Some attention should be also paid to the fact that some copolymers with special sequence distribution do not assume cylindrical shape within the HA model. For example, this is the case for protein-like sequences. Protein-like sequences correspond to a copolymer which forms globules with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell showing no tendency to aggregation. Proteinlike copolymers have been previously studied within the HP model [32-34], Application of the more realistic HA model showed that the globules formed by protein-like copolymers under worsening solvent quality assume conventional spherical shape and show no tendency to aggregate [23]. The stability for HA model protein-like copolymers is much higher than for those within the HP model. 

Recent studies showed that amphiphilic properties have to be taken into account for most water-soluble monomer units when their behavior in water solutions is considered. The amphiphilic properties of monomer units lead to an anisotropic shape of the polymer structures formed under appropriate conditions, which is confirmed both by computer simulation and experimental investigations. The concept of amphiphilicity applied to the monomer units leads to a new classification based on the interfacial and partitioning properties of the monomers. The classification in question opens a broad prospective for predicting properties of polymer systems with developed interfaces (i.e., micelles, polymer globules, fine dispersions of polymer aggregates). The relation between the standard free energy of adsorption and partition makes it possible to estimate semiquantitatively the distribution between the bulk and the interface of monomers and monomer units in complex polymer systems. 

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