Glasses principal applications

The principal applications of the outstanding stability of platinum and its alloys at high temperatures lie in their use as materials of construction for equipment to handle molten glass and as electrical resistance windings for high-temperature furnaces. 

M.E. Lines, A.M. Glass Principals and application of ferroelectrics and related materials, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1977. 

R- or S-glass with high mechanical performances, good fatigue resistance, high thermal and moisture behaviours. The principal applications relate to aeronautics, space, sports, leisure, armaments and antiballistics. 

D-glass with high dielectric properties, transparent to electromagnetic waves. The principal applications relate to the manufacture of radomes, electromagnetic windows and high-tech printed circuit boards. 

Melt forming is applied to the production of relatively massive particles from silicate glasses, themselves readily produced free from deleterious impurities using cheap mineral sources. The principal attraction of the method is the abiUty to control particle shape and the principal applications in the present context are in the production of fibres and spheres. 

The uses of lanthanide compounds are diverse and are expanding due to modern technological advances. In 2000, the principal applications for the rare earths were glass polishing and ceramics, 39% automotive catalytic converters, 22% permanent magnets, 16% petroleum refining catalysts,... 

Initially, DADC polymers were used in military aircraft for windows of fuel and deicer-fluid gauges and in glass-fiber laminates for wing reinforcements of B-17 bombers. Usage in impact-resistant, lightweight eyewear lenses has grown rapidly and is now the principal application. Other uses include safety shields, filters for photographic and electronic equipment, transparent enclosures, equipment for office, laboratory, and hospital use, and for detection of nuclear radiation. 

Cadmium is used in a number of industrial processes, but for most of its uses there are alternatives of lower toxicity. The principal applications of cadmium fall into five categories protective plating on steel, stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, pigments in plastics and glasses, electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a component of various alloys. 

Table 3.< -20 Special properties and principal applications of technically important sealing glasses, arranged according to their...

Metal a n/.fOO (lO-f /K) Glass number Glass characteristics Principal applications as scaling glass... 

Vulcanized vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers also have good thermal stability, withstanding prolonged heating at 200°C without serious deterioration. Low temperature performance is limited the glass transition temperatures of copolymers with 50 and 70 mole % vinylidene fluoride are 0°C and — 15°C respectively. The principal application of the elastomers is for components of systems handling strong mineral acids. 

The values of some properties of various forms of poly(ethylene terephthalate) which are given in Table 11.3 illustrate the influence of crystallinity. The crystalline melting point of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is 265°C. Although a polar polymer, poly(ethylene terephthalate) has good electrical insulating properties at room temperature (even at high frequencies) since dipole orientation is restricted at temperatures below the glass-transition temperature (80°C). The principal application of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film is for electrical insulation. 

Antimony trioxide has numerous practical applications (1). Its principal use is as a flame retardant in textiles and plastics (see Flame RETARDANTS Flame retardants in textiles). It is also used as a stabilizer for plastics, as a catalyst, and as an opacifier in glass (qv), ceramics (qv), and vitreous enamels... 

Aircraft radomes, ducting, spinners and other parts are often prepared from polyester resins in conjunction with glass cloth or mat. The principal virtue here is the high strength/weight ratio possible, particularly when glass cloth is used. Land, sea and air transport applications account for almost half the polyester resin produced. 

---