Glasses for Miscellaneous Applications

The Ceran glass-ceramic is colored and is designed for applications in cooker surface panels. 

As in glasses, the variability of the composition can be used to design very different sets of properties of glass-ceramics. Some examples are  

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In the chemical process industry molybdenum has found use as washers and bolts to patch glass-lined vessels used in sulphuric acid and acid environments where nascent hydrogen is produced. Molybdenum thermocouples and valves have also been used in sulphuric acid applications, and molybdenum alloys have been used as reactor linings in plant used for the production of n-butyl chloride by reactions involving hydrochloric and sulphuric acids at temperatures in excess of 170°C. Miscellaneous applications where molybdenum has been used include the liquid phase Zircex hydrochlorination process, the Van Arkel Iodide process for zirconium production and the Metal Hydrides process for the production of super-pure thorium from thorium iodide. 

Omitting the construction and demolition debris from the calculations, the composition (by volume this time) is as follows paper and paperboard 50%, plastics 14%, metals 12%, glass 4%, organics 6%, and miscellaneous 14%. All plastic packaging (post-consumer, industrial, commercial, and institutional) represented about 8% of the overall refuse. It is a reasonable assumption that the composition of plastics discarded in landfills is a reflection of the quantities produced for packaging applications the commodity plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride) should be well represented (see Ethylene POLYMERS PROPYLENE Polymers (PP) Styrene Polymers Vinyl Chloride Polymers). 

An important application of copper(I) oxide is in antifouling paints for steel, wood, and other materials exposed to sea water. Other applications include manufacture of ruby-red glass and preparation of miscellaneous copper salts. It also is used as a reducing agent in brazing pastes as a fungicide in photocells and as a catalyst. 

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