Glass sensors

Interesting systems, mainly with respect to solid-state optoelectronics and chalco-genide glass sensors (due to ionic conductivity effects) are found among the Group IIIB (13) and IVB (14) chalcogenides, such as the p-type semiconductors MSe (M = Ga, In, Sn), SnS, and GeX (X = S, Se, Te). Some of the IIIB compounds. 

Legin AV, Vlasov YG, Rudnitskaya AM, Bychkov EA (1996) Cross-sensitivity of chalcogenide glass sensors in solutions of heavy metal ions. Sens Actuators B 34 456 61 De Marco R, Shackleton J (1999) Cahbration of the Hg chalcogenide glass membrane ion-selective electrode in seawater media. Talanta 49 385-391... 

W. Vonau, J. Gabel, and H. Jahn, Potentiometric all solid-state pH glass sensors. Electrochim. Acta 50, 4981-4987 (2005). 

Ideally, the sensor used to sense the biocatalyzed reaction should not react with other substances in the sample. This requirement is not always met using either potentiometric or amperometric methods. For example, immobilized urease electrodes operating with a cation glass sensor measuring the NHj are inadequate for blood and urine assays because they also respond to Na+ and K+ (59, 60). However, a glass electrode sensor (165) or, better, a solid antibiotic nonactin electrode (61) gives more selective response. The latter has a selectivity of NHt/K+ of 6.5 and NHt/Na+ of 0.075. 

See also Buffer Solutions. Extraction Solvent Extraction Principles. Indicators Acid-Base. Ion-Selective Electrodes Glass. Sensors Ovenriew. Quality Assurance Internal Standards. Titrimetry Potentiometric. 

Glass pH electrodes possess outstanding selectivities and the need for alternative H" ISEs might seem superfluous. Nonetheless, the contamination in biological media and high membrane resistances—particularly for micro glass sensors—pose problems (7). The pH behaviour of PVC sensor membranes comprising eleven different neutral ionophores in conjunction with KTpClPB and solvent mediator in the usual proportions is of some interest (53,54). 

Encapsulation of pH glass sensors is basically a problem of material compatibility. A more polar surface will ahere to a surface of similar polarity. Glass surfaces are hydrophilic and have a stronger affinity for water than for any organic encapsulant, even the more polar epoxys which, once applied, are eventually undercut by water erosion. During this project a great many different approaches to encapsulation were attempted different encapsulants... 

Research and development of chalcogenide glass chemical sensors are gaining more attention. Analytical applications of this type of sensors for environmental monitoring and process control have been reported for the detection of microgram levels of copper (II), iron (III), chromium (VI), lead, cadmium and mercury in natural and waste waters (27,28). In addition, the applications of chalcogenide glass sensors for laboratory analysis, industrial control and... 

Glass Sensor type Detected gas (threshold of sensitivity) Reference... 

Maruo YY (2007) Measurement of ambient ozone using newly developed porous glass sensor. Sens Actuators B 126 485-491... 

L. AField and R.S.Muller, Fusing silicon wafers with low melting temperature glass. Sensors actuators, A21-23,(1990), 935-938... 

T.Rogers, Considerations of anodic bonding for capacitive type silicon/glass sensor fabrication, J. Micromech. Microeng. 2, (1992), 164-166... 

Yang Z., Pah M. K., Reynolds K. A., Sexton J. D., Riley M. R., Anne, M.-L., Bureau B., and Lucas P, Opto-electrophoretic detection of biomolecules using conducting chalcogenide glass sensors. Opt. Express, 18,26754-26759 (2010). 

Planar Chalcogenide Glass Sensor Device Fabrication and integration... 

The mini-PC receives the camera frames and the position from the magnifying glass sensors and tactile pointer. It processes the information against its database to display in the touchscreen the angmented data. 

Figure 4-2d. Spherical 8u1b, Rugged Dome, and Flat Glass Sensors...

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