Glass bottles specification

Determination of Specific Gravity.—A simple method for determining the specific gravity of liquids is as follows I. pyknometer, or small glass bottle, is used of about 20 to 30 c.c. capacity, with narrow neck, upon which a mark is etched and which is closed by a ground glass stopper (Fig. 45). 

The method of assessment of odour offensiveness was based on that of Sobel (19). 20 ml samples of slurry were tranferred to 60 ml black glass bottles as described by Williams (5). These were handed to panellists in their own offices or laboratories where they were already accustomed to the background odour and were least hindered by interruption. The panellists were shown a copy of Table I and asked to assign the odour offensiveness of each sample to a value between 0 and 5. They were specifically requested not to consider the samples relative strength compared with the other samples. 

Precleaning of material, sampling, and filtration in the field are not very different from the procedures used for the other trace metals described above, except that for Hg borosilicate glass bottles can also be used, and that samples collected for volatile, metallic mercury Hg(0) and dimethylmer-cury (DMHg) species are not filtered. When filtration cannot be carried out in the field, samples should be kept unpreserved, cold, and in the dark. More specific information about our techniques can be found in Baeyens80 and Leermakers et al.47,84... 

It was mentioned earlier in the book that it takes three ingredients to make a fine-fragrance. The aroma chemical mix, the fine cut-glass bottle to capture them and the elixir ethanol. The specification for 99.7% pure ethyl alcohol, as used in the mass fragrance market where cost-effectiveness and consistency of quality is assured, is detailed in Table Al. The product contains traces of Bitrex to make it undrinkable, and thus not dutiable as such. 

The tendency to have a pack component specification which is all-embracing is also changing. A simpler procedure utilises a series of information documents which lay out the procedures that a supplier has to follow for selective package forms, i.e. glass bottles, plastic bottles, laminates, labels, collapsible tubes, etc. It is then possible to have an abbreviated specification document which covers critical, major and minor defect classifications, advice on delivery and identification, and basic information on the material to be employed, etc. The specification therefore cross-references to its respective information (component manual) document and becomes considerably simplified in terms of both layout and detail. This is particularly important now that specifications are being computerised in conjunction with stock control and purchasing. 

An alternative approach involving a master manual which contains the basic features for a selected type of component, i.e. glass bottles, plastic bottles, collapsible metal tubes, etc., has much to recommend it. This, together with a simpler description-type document, then becomes an agreement specification between the supplier and the user. 

It is now fairly normal procedure to have a general support document, i.e. packaging material manual, issued under specific headings such as bottle glass bottle plastic laminations labels leaflets. These broadly describe the requirements of the items including reject (defect) terminology and possibly associated AQL. Such manuals provide suppliers with a broader view of the quality expected, and may cross-reference the details of the test procedures, including performance, to be applied (see below). 

Dimensions may be measured automatically by either gauges or instruments. Typical gauges are shown in Figure 6.18 and are detailed in Appendix 6.1. Glass defect terminology is given in Appendix 6.2. Appendix 6.3 gives a typical bottle specification. 

Impact tests provide useful information in the selection of a polymer for a specific application, such as determining the suitability of a given plastic as a substitute for glass bottles or a replacement for window glass. Table 13.1 gives values of impact energies for some polymers. It can be seen that, in... 

The loose bituminous mixture is split into three equal parts and placed into specific glass bottles, which are filled to the middle with distilled water. After sealing the bottles with a screw cap, the bottles are placed on a rolling machine for 6 h 15 min. The rotation speed is proportional to the hardness of the bitumen used. The temperature during rolling is the ambient temperature, namely, 15 C to 25 C. 

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