Glass bottle irradiation

A Pyrex glass bottle of 50-mL capacity was used as batch reactor. In these flasks 40 mL of water was the total volume. Solar irradiation was simulated by a Hanau Suntest (AMI) lamp. Total radiation measurements were carried out with an YSI corporation power meter. Experiments were performed at room temperature (25°C) reaching up to 32°C during irradiation. 

Figure 3. Photoluminescence curves for a fresh milk powder (Control) irradiated with NUV light. Two glass bottles of milk powder were stored in a refrigerator for two weeks one bottle contained deoxygenating agent and the other none.

Solutions should not be used if a yellow color has developed. Storage of furosemide (l.Omg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride packaged in a glass infusion bottle) solution at room temperature while exposed to ambient illumination for 70 days resulted in about an 80% loss of the active substance and the formation of a yellow-orange precipitate (81). The UV irradiation of furosemide solutions under different testing conditions is reported to cause photooxidation, photohydrolysis, and dechlorination of the active substance, resulting in the formation of various degradation products (82). 

Figure 6. Effects of UVR on photosynthesis (total C assimilation) of phytoplankton moved through different mixing depths, presented as per cent photosynthesis in quartz (UVR transparent) relative to glass (partial UVR exclusion) bottles. Measured rates are for bottles that were circulated over the indicated depth ranges at the rate of once per 4 min (0-2 m), once per 8 min (0-3.9 m) and once per 20 min (0-10 and 0-14 m) for a 4 h midday incubation period. The modeled rates are the average of the steady-state (irradiance based) photosynthesis predicted using a biological weighting function and photosynthesis irradiance (BWF/P-I) curve applied to in situ irradiance estimated from recorded surface irradiance, depth of the bottles and measured vertical extinction coefficient. Model and measurements agree within measurement variability (ca. 10%) except for the 0-10 m incubation. Experiments were conducted in Lake Lucerne on September 13,1999 (no asterisks) and September 15,1999 (asterisks, see exposure data in Figure 2). [Modified from Kohler et al. 79.]...

A glass cylinder with an inner volume (V) of 30 dm- was used as a mixing chamber witlua flow rate of 120 dm h. Pure nitrogen and bottled air of 320 cm (C02)m were used in the first experiment (Fig.2), C02-free air and air artificial enriched with CO2 [5] were used in the second experiment (Fig.3). Photosynth is measurements were carried out with primary barley leaves (cca 30 cm osed leaf area) under conditions of quantum irradiance of 1000 umol m" s (P, ). a temperature of 25 C and a flow rate through the leaf cuvette of 30 dm h". ... 

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