Radiation total

Total beta and gamma radiation Total annual whole-body dose equivalent, or dose 3... 

Radiation (total body irradiation or fractionated abdominal radiation) Adult dose of 2 mg once daily. Two 1 mg tablets or 10 mL of oral solution are taken within 1 hour of radiation. 

Wright et al. from the Massachusetts General Hospital reported interesting results from their intensive trial of preoperative paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil with hyperfractionated radiation (total tumor dose of 58.5 Gy and 45 Gy to the mediastinum)... 

In order to maximize the therapeutic ratio between efficacy and toxicity, a balance must exist between radiation dose and the volume of the radiation port. The volume of the radiation port affects the amount of radiation that can be given. In regards to toxicity of radiation, total radiation dose is inversely related to the volume of the radiation port... 

Stamnes, K., J. Slusser, and M. Bowen, Biologically Effective Ultraviolet Radiation, Total Ozone Abundance, and Cloud Optical Depth at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, September 15, 1988 through April 15, 1989, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2181-2184 (1990). 

Luminescence spectrophotometry consists of fluorescence, phosphorescence and low-temperature total luminescence. Fluorescence is generally measured at room temperature. Phosphorescence is generally observed at liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) with the aid of a chopper to interrupt the exciting radiation. Total luminescence is the combined fluorescence and phosphorescence obtained at low temperature (77K). Luminescence spectrophotometry is generally much more sensitive and specific than absorption spectrophotometry. 

Although each station is different, they all collect solar radiation-related data (horizontal solar radiation, total radiation, direct normal radiation, total horizontal infrared sky radiation). Table 3.179 provides a summary of the data collected. 

Radiation thermometers were developed for measuring temperatures higher than 1064°C they have the advantage that they are noncontact thermometers. Optical pyrometers measure apparent temperatures of objects by comparing the radiation from the objects over a narrow wavelength band with that of a standard, preferably using a photoelectric detector for the comparison. Corrections for the emissivity of the source must be made to determine the temperature the preceived temperature may be, and usually is, lower because all of the heat is not radiated. Total-radiation pyrometers measure the whole spectrum of energy radiated by the source. They are less accurate than optical pyrometers but can measure much lower temperatures (of the order of 100°C). This type of pyrometer also requires emissivity corrections. 

Rabinowitsch correction, 626, 629 Radiant energy, 614 Radiation, diffuse, 615 Radiation, direct, 614 Radiation, total solar, 615 Radical mechanism, 497 Railing system, 225, 253, 258, 264, 276, 303-310 Ramie, 101, 110... 

A set of at least two cubes are used to achieve the full capability of the instrument. The relative locations of the radiometer cubes and the flare, as well as the orientations of the cubes are determined prior to the flare test and entered into the computer to allow real-time tracking of key flare radiation parameters. Each radiometer on the cubes is connected to a data acquisition system. The data acquisition system collects the data from each sensor and performs trigonometric calculations using a complex set of equations. The results are real-time parameters of the flare radiation total radiation levels from both cubes, incidence angles, and the flare epicenter coordinates. This instrument has three main advantages over the handheld instrument ... 

Total beta and gamma radiation Total annual whole body dose equivalent, or dose to any internal organ, <0.04 mSv (<0.004 rem), based on individual consumption of 2 L daily of drinking water from a groundwater source... 

Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 4, Goddard Space Flight Center (Jun. 1997) and http //outgassing.nasa.gov. Ionizing Radiation (Total Dose) Test Procedure, Method 1019.6 MIL-STD-883F. Mar. 

Ionizing Radiation (Total Dose) Test Procedure, Method 1019.6 MIL-STD-883F (Mar. 2003)... 

Because of the small percentage of uv present in the full solar spectrum, changes in this important component cannot be detected in measurements of total solar radiation. Therefore, commercial outdoor testing facilities measure and monitor the irradiance of the uv portion alone, both total uv and narrow spectral bands of the uv, in addition to total solar radiation. Total solar uv radiation (TUVR) is typically measured between 295 and 385 nm. Irradiance is reported in watts/square meter (W/m ) and radiant exposure, ie, irradiance integrated over time, is reported in megajoules/square meter (MJ/m ). The average 12-month... 

Above background. Suggests caution and investigation of source of radiation. Total exposure is limited to 1-5 remannually. 0.02-0.2... 

The properties of monochromatic radiation are termed spectral, and of polychromatic radiation total (Sandu, 1986). Hydrogen has relatively simple spectra, as the hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a proton. The electron has only 0.0005 the mass of the proton, and is able to inhabit only certain levels around the proton. To move from one level to another, the electron needs to gain or lose an amount of energy, called a quantum. For radio waves, a quantum is about 0.000 004 eV, for IR a quantum is about 0.004 eV, and for X-rays and y-rays it is about 40 000 eV. Electromagnetic radiation can be considered as stream of photons, which are massless particles traveling in a wave-like pattern. Movement between the lowest levels produces a photon of far-ultraviolet radiation, movement between the next lowest levels produces visible light and near-ultraviolet radiation, whilst movement between the middle levels produces IR radiation. 

At the extremely short wavelengths of X-radiation, total reflection only occurs at glancing incidence. Copper radiation has a critical angle of incidence for total reflection of 1 r for glass and 30 for a gold surface. Most of the shorter wavelength radiation passes through the reflector. However, it is prudent to use a nickel filter prior to the mirrors to reduce the Kp component. 

TXRF has been used to quantify metals in protein bands in embryogenic callus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) after separation by SDS-PAGE. The metal-contaiiung bands were detected by micro-SRXRF. The gel was then decomposed in a microwave oven and the metal-binding protein was quantified by synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence (SR-TXRF). Signals that were almost free of background noise could be obtained. ... 

SR-TXRF Synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence... 

Concept Turbine Entrance Tempera tore Hot Gas AT Heat Loss Through Stagnant Gas Conduction Radiation Total Heat Loss Insulation Thickness Stagnant Gas Thickness Hot %AP/P Leg ID ... 

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