Germer

It does not provide mueh historieal perspeetive on the development of quantum meehanies. Subjeets sueh as the photoeleetrie effeet, blaek-body radiation, the dual nature of eleetrons and photons, and the Davisson and Germer experiments are not even diseussed. 

The underlying principle of RHEED is that particles of matter have a wave character. This idea was postulated by de Broglie in (1924). He argued that since photons behave as particles, then particles should exhibit wavelike behavior as well. He predicted that a particle s wavelength is Planck s constant h divided by its momentum. The postulate was confirmed by Davisson and Germer s experiments in 1928, which demonstrated the diffraction of low-energy electrons from Ni. ... 

When Davisson and Germer reported in 1927 that the elastic scattering of low-energy electrons from well ordered surfaces leads to diffraction spots similar to those observed in X-ray diffraction [2.238-2.240], this was the first experimental proof of the wave nature of electrons. A few years before, in 1923, De Broglie had postulated that electrons have a wavelength, given in A, of ... 

Germano-. germanous, germanium(II). -sulfid, n. germanous sulfide, germanium(II) sulfide. Germer, m. white hellebore (Veratrum). 

A New Electron Diffraction Technique, Potentially Applicable to Research in Catalysis L. H. Germer... 

FIGURE 1.21 Davisson and Germer showed that electrons produce a diffraction pattern when reflected from a crystal G. P. Thomson, working in Aberdeen, Scotland, showed that they also produce a diffraction pattern when they pass through a very thin gold foil. The latter is shown here. G. P. Thomson was the son of J. J. Thomson, who identified the electron (Section B). Both received Nobel prizes 1.1. for showing that the electron is a particle and G. P. for showing that it is a wave. 

The wavelike character of electrons was confirmed by showing that they could be diffracted. The experiment was first performed in 1925 by two American scientists, Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, who directed a beam of fast electrons at a single crystal of nickel. The regular array of atoms in the crystal, with centers separated by 250 pm, acts as a grid that diffracts waves and a diffraction pattern was observed (Lig. 1.21). Since then, some molecules have been shown to undergo... 

L. H. Germer and A. U. MacRae, A new low electron diffraction technique having possible applications to catalysis, The Robert A. Welch Foundation Research Bulletin, 1961, No. 11. 

Levi, Eliphas. 1856. Dogme et rituel de la Haute Magie. Paris Germer Bailliere. 

Vidigal, P. G., Germer, J. J., and Zein, N. N., Polymorphisms in the interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-betal genes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon and ribavirin, J. Hepatol., 36, 271, 2002. 

Brierre De Boismont, A. (1852) Des Hallucinations. Germer Bailliere, Paris. 

In 1930, R. Wierl and Mark studied N. Davidson and J. Germer s experiments on electron diffraction. Employing their wide experience in instrumentation, they promptly constructed an improved electron scattering apparatus. With this instrument, they determined the interatomic distances in a number of molecules and published a series of papers on the technique and their findings (17, 18, 19). Mark s contributions to the field of crystal structure are discussed in a later chapter of this volume and will not be covered in more detail here (see Pauling, L. "Herman Mark and the Structure of Crystals", this volume.). 

G3. Germer, L. H., Electrical breakdown between close electrodes in air, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 46 (1959). 

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