Germanium tetrachloride, reaction

A less usual but useful route to aryltrichlorogermanes involves the reaction of germanium tetrachloride with aryltrichlorosilanes(109)253 ... 

The selenium-containing complex 72b has been used to prepare a variety of new heterocycles containing both selenium and germanium. For example, reaction with dichlorodiphenylgermanium and germanium tetrachloride gives 76 and 77, respectively (Scheme 8).56... 

The reaction between germanium tetrachloride and zinc diethyl,... 

The Wurtz reaction as a method of alkylating germanium tetrachloride has never achieved the popularity of the Grignard reaction, chiefly because the difficulty of control makes it reasonably successful only as a means of preparing the fully substituted tetraalkyls or tetraaryls. The partially substituted germanium halides appear only in low yields since the reaction as usually conducted goes to complete substitution. One explanation is based upon the heterogeneity of the system. The sodium is unavoidably... 

It can also be shown that the reactions of stannic chloride [92] and germanium tetrachloride [93] with potassium give chemiluminescence due to stannous chloride with SnCl and germanium dichloride respectively. The detailed spectroscopic analyses allow a reassessment [94] of the primary chemiluminescence mechanism of Heller and Polanyi... 

The reactions of a-chloromethyl ethers ROCH2CI (R = Me, Et, or Bu) with powdered tin at 20—80 °C afford low yields of the dihalides (ROCH2)2-SnCIg. Dimethyltin dichloride may be prepared in 75—80 % yield by heating tin with methyl chloride in hexamethylphosphoramide at 140—150 C. Silicon tetrabromide is obtained by bromination of pure or commercial silicon, or ferrosilicon, in the presence of Cu, CuBr, or CuBr2 at 350—600 °C. Optimum yields are obtained at 500 C. A 97 % yield of germanium tetrachloride is obtained when vitreous germanium dioxide is treated with... 

Germanium.— The redistribution reactions in mixtures of tetra-alkylgermanes with germanium tetrachloride or tin tetrachloride follow second-order kinetics and occur... 

Figure 106 represents a chromatogram of the reaction products of carbon tetrachloride with germanium (IV) oxide in the glass capsule. The first and second peaks are due to the carbon dioxide and phosgene. The third peak is due to germanium tetrachloride, and the last one is attributed to the excess of carbon tetrachloride. 

The chromatogram of the chlorination reaction of carbon tetrachloride with Ge-Au alloy in the glass capsule consists of only two peaks, namely, a germanium tetrachloride and a carbon tetrachloride peak. Under the applied chromatographic conditions, the chlorine peak does not appear because of its small quantity. 

Reactions between germanium tetrachloride, alkyltrichlorogermane, or dialkyldichlorogermane and secondary amines in petroleum ether yield compounds of the type Ge(NR2)4, RGe(NR2)3, and R2Ge(NR2)2i respectively 4,26). With tertiary amines the germanium halides either do not react or form adducts (cf. Table I). 

These results are at variance with earlier work 21) which reported the formation of GeCNCsHsls HCl from the reaction between germanium tetrachloride and diethylamine in the vapor phase or in ether. 

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