Geochemistry of manganese

R. Giovanoli, Natural and synthetic manganese nodules , in Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese , Vol. 1 (Eds. I. M. Varentsov, G. Grassely), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1980. 

Murray, J.W, Spell, B. and Paul, B. (1983) The contrasting geochemistry of manganese and chromium in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. In Trace Metals in Seawater (eds Wong, C.S., Boyle, E., Bruland, K.W., Burton, J.D. and Goldberg, E.D.). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 643-669. 

Pedersen T.F. and Price N.B. (1982) The geochemistry of manganese carbonate in Panama Basin sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46,59-68. 

Ponter C., Ingri J., and Bostrom K. (1992) Geochemistry of manganese in the Kahc river, northern Sweden. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1485—1494. 

From a bioinorganic perspective, one of the most interesting aspect of the marine geochemistry of manganese involves oxidation by bacteria. Although thermodynamically favorable, the chemical oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) by oxygen is exceedingly slow at the seawater pH. The oxidation of Mn(II) in the surface ocean is thus bacterially mediated (Sunda and Huntsman, 1988). In some cases, Mn(II) oxidation is effected... 

Baturin G. N. (1988) The Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Berlin. 

Calvert S. E. and Pedersen T. F. (1996) Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese implications for the environment of formation of manganiferous black shales. Econ. Geol. 91, 36-47. 

Baf Mna" " Mn t Ou -(2 - 8) H2O. It has not been found possible to differentiate Mn + and Mn + in these structures, presumably because they are not ordered. These two minerals and cryptomelane are natural controlled-valency semi-conductors. A more detailed study of the structural relationships of the manganese oxide noinerals should provide useful data on the geochemistry of manganese and on the defect solid state in general. 

Cronan, D.S. and Varentsov, I.M. (Editors), 1978. Monograph on the Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese. 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia. 

Glasby, G.P., 1972. The geochemistry of manganese nodules from the northwest Indian Ocean. In D.R. Horn (Editor), Ferromanganese Deposits on the Ocean Floor. Proceedings of a conference held at Arden House in January 1972. NSF-IDOE, pp. 93-104. 

Crerar, D.A., Cormick, R.K. and Barnes, H.L., 1972. Organic controls on the sedimentary geochemistry of manganese. Acta Mineral. Petrogr., Szeged, 20 217—226. 

Lewis, D. M. (1976). The geochemistry of manganese, iron, uranium, lead-210 and major ions in the Susquehanna River. Ph.D. Thesis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 

An important question is the anomalous position of Co in the geochemistry of manganese nodules. Glasby and Thijssen (1982) have interpreted this in terms of the crystal field characteristics of Co. On this basis, Co + (d ) is stable in nodules in the low spin state with octahedral coordination and has an ionic... 

Baturin, G.N., 1988. The geochemistry of manganese and manganese nodules in the ocean. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 342... 

Glasby, G.P., Friedrich, G Thijssen, T. Pluger, W.L., Kunzendorf, H., Ghosh, A.K. and Roonwal, G.S., 1982 Distribution, morphology, and geochemistry of manganese nodules from the Valdivia 13/2 area, equatorial North Pacific. Pacific Science, 36 241-263. 

Varentsov, I.M. and Grasselly, Gy. (eds), 1980. Geology and geochemistry of manganese. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 3 volumes. 

Figure 2 Dissolved Cr(VI) (A) and Cr(lll) (B) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, 23°N, 115°W. (Data from Murray JW, Spell B and Paul B (1983) The contrasting geochemistry of manganese and chromium in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. In Wong CS et al. (eds) Trace Metals in Seawater, NATO Conference Services 4 Marine Science vol. 9, pp. 643-668. New York Plenium Press.) (C) Dissolved rhenium in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, 9°46 N, 104°1TW. (Data from Woodhouse OB, Ravizza G, Falkner KK, Statham PJ and Peucker-Ehrenbrink B (1999) Osmium in seawater vertical profiles of concentration and isotopic composition in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Earth and Pianetary Science Letters 173 223-233.)...

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