Genomics prospects

Richmond, M.H., et al., "Human Genomics Prospects for Health Care and Public Policy," London, Pharmaceutical Partners for Better Health, pp. 7-9,48-50,60-61 (1999). 

Peracchi A (2004) Prospects for antiviral ribozymes and deoxyribozymes. Rev Med Virol 14 47-64 Petersen M, Wengel J (2003) LNA a versatile tool for therapeutics and genomics. Trends Biotech-nol 21 74-81... 

Kruglyak L. Prospects for whole genome linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes. Nature Genet 1999 22 139-144. 

From a drug discovery/development prospective, the significance of genome data is that they provide full sequence information of every protein the organism can produce. This should result in... 

Kruglyak, L., "Prospects for Whole-Genome Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of Common Disease Genes," Nat. Genet., 22,139-144 (1999). 

In the broadest sense, genotyping can also be used in proof-of-principle trials and for individualization and modification of dose based on genotype. Associations between genotypes and clinical outcomes can also be explored retrospectively, as was the case for abacavir,20 21 but these are mainly exploratory and would need confirmation in a clinical trial prospectively. An important distinction was made between two types of genome-based enrichment the first type (preferred) is when there is a well-understood, genome-based pathophysiological ability to select responders and nonresponders, and the second type is when genomic-based predictions of differences in response are... 

Small samples of uncontaminated DNA have been successfully recovered from Neanderthal bone. It has been possible to sequence about one million base pairs of this Neanderthal DNA by a group of scientists in California and a second one in Germany." So far, no evidence of interbreeding between modem humans and Neanderthals has been uncovered. There are good prospects for having the complete sequence of the Neanderthal genome sometime in 2009. That information may resolve the question of our possible genetic relationship to Neanderthals. 

There are near-term prospects for sequencing the genomes of individuals rapidly and at reasonable cost. This ability would have profound implications for the future of individualized medicine. 

Simons, K.T., Strauss, C., Baker, D. Prospects for ab initio protein structural genomics./. Mol. Biol. 2001, 1191-1199. 

ECVAM is the leading international center for alternative test method validation. Hartung et al. (29) summarized the modular steps necessary to accomplish stage 3 (test validation). The seven modular steps are (I) test definition, (2) within-laboratory variability, (3) transferability, (4) between-laboratory variability, (5) predictive capacity, (6) applicability domain, and (7) performance standards (29). Steps 2-4 evaluate the test s reliability steps 5 and 6 evaluate the relevance of the test. Successful completion of all seven steps is necessary to proceed to stage 4 (independent assessment or peer review). This modular approach allows flexibility for the validation process where information on the test method can be gathered either prospectively or retrospectively. The approach is applicable not only to in vitro test methods but also to in silico approaches (e.g., computer-based approaches such as quantitative structure-activity relationships or QSAR) and pattern-based systems (e.g., genomics and proteomics). 

The competition among the private and the public initiatives accelerated the human genome project dramatically. Already in June 2000,5 years ahead of the public prospect and even 1 year in advance of his own proposal, Craig Venter announced the completion of the human genome sequence. One of the most important milestones of genetic research had been achieved. 

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