Genetics definition

These findings were unexpected because previous studies had demonstrated that the y2 subunit is required for potentiation of GABAa receptor function by low concentrations of ethanol [2]. The y2 subunit gene is located within a definitely mapped quantitative trait locus (QTL) for acute alcohol withdrawal on mouse chromosome 11 [1]. Allelic variation was genetically... 

There are few definitive data to substantiate the efficacy of LTRA therapy in refractory asthma, except for patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. This is a fairly uncommon form of asthma that occurs generally in adults who often have no prior (i.e., childhood) history of asthma or atopy, may have nasal polyposis, and who often are dependent upon oral corticosteroids for control of their asthma. This syndrome is not specific to aspirin but is provoked by any inhibitors of the cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) pathway. These patients have been shown to have a genetic defect that causes... 

Essential to the definition of Pharmacogenetics is the term genetic polymorphism. It is extrapolated that there are at least three million genetic polymorphisms in the human genome. Historically, a genetic polymorphism was defined as a genetic variation with a population frequency of 1% and above, but the larger inter-ethnic variation of population frequencies makes a strict definition based on such frequencies impractical. The most common molecular type of polymorphism is the... 

Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical basis of life (Gk bios life ). The cell is the structural unit of living systems. Thus, biochemistry can also be described as the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo. By this definition, biochemistry encompasses large areas of cell biology, of molecular biology, and of molecular genetics. 

Hirabayashi (1907) defined Kuroko as an ore which is a fine compact mixture of sphalerite, galena, and barite. This definition can be applied to black ore , but not to yellow ore or siliceous ore because these minerals are not abundant in these ores. Kinoshita (1944) defined Kuroko deposit as a deposit genetically related to the Tertiary volcanic rocks, consisting of a combination of Kuroko (black ore), Oko (yellow ore), Keiko (siliceous ore), and/or Sekkoko (gypsum ore) (Matsukuma and Horikoshi, 1970). The deposit is generally defined as a strata-bound polymetallic sulfide-sulfate deposit genetically related to Miocene bimodal (felsic-basaltic) volcanism (T. Sato, 1974). 

Instead of reproduction or replication , the more general term production was used. The third definition includes the first definition. However, because it contains neither Darwinian nor genetic specification, this definition takes both coded and uncoded life into account. Since the term population is not included, the definition can be applied to single objects such as robots. 

Fig. 1.5 Schematic representation of the evolution of life from its precursors, on the basis of the definition of life given by the authors. If bioenergetic mechanisms have developed via autonomous systems, the thermodynamic basis for the beginning of the archiving of information, and thus for a one-polymer world such as the RNA world , has been set up. Several models for this transition have been discussed. This phase of development is possibly the starting point for the process of Darwinian evolution (with reproduction, variation and heredity), but still without any separation between genotype and phenotype. According to the authors definition, life begins in exactly that moment when the genetic code comes into play, i.e., in the transition from a one-polymer world to a two-polymer world . The last phase, open-ended evolution, then follows. After Ruiz-Mirazo et al. (2004)...

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