Population frequencies

The procedure is to fit the population frequency curve as a straight line using the sample moments and parameters of the proposed probability function. The data are then plotted by ordering the data from the largest event to the smallest and using the rank (i) of the event to obtain a probability plotting position. Two of the more common formulas are Weibull... 

Essential to the definition of Pharmacogenetics is the term genetic polymorphism. It is extrapolated that there are at least three million genetic polymorphisms in the human genome. Historically, a genetic polymorphism was defined as a genetic variation with a population frequency of 1% and above, but the larger inter-ethnic variation of population frequencies makes a strict definition based on such frequencies impractical. The most common molecular type of polymorphism is the... 

Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) A 32-bp deletion with a population frequency of about 0.1 in Caucasians results in truncated nonfunctional receptor. Carriers of this variant are partially protected from HIV infection, particularly the homozygous carriers. 

Nielsen, D. A., Jenkins, G. L., Stefanisko, K. M., Jefferson, K. K. Goldman, D. (1997). Sequence, splice site and population frequency distribution analyses of the polymorphic human tryptophan hydroxylase intron 7. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 45, 145-8. 

If we let x = hi /kT and define 0 such that k9 = humw where i/max is the maximum populated frequency, the total thermal energy can be written as... 

I hypothesised (Baker and Beilis 1995 Baker 1996) that the within-population frequency distribution of testes size reflects a balanced polymorphism. In this hypothesis, men with larger testes were programmed to spend less time with partners, ejaculate often, and expose their sperm more often to sperm competition. Men with smaller testes were programmed to invest more in mate guarding and only infrequently to expose their sperm to competition. Between the two extremes, the intermediate men were programmed to pursue a more mixed strategy. 

Barr, C.L., and Kidd, K.K. (1993) Population frequencies of the A1 allele at the dopamine D2 receptor locus. Biol Psychiatry 34 204-209. 

Population Frequencies of Clinically Relevant TPMT Variant Alleles in Different Ethnic... 

In the last case the authors concluded that the hypercalcemia was due to long-term lithium treatment and cited studies showing that hyperparathyroidism occurs in 5—40% of patients taking long-term lithium, compared with a population frequency of less than 4%. The patient s chief complaint included nausea when he was exposed to food and water, and he therefore refused food and water for 2-3 days before admission. He also had acute renal insufficiency, which was thought to be due to... 

Emery, A. E. (1991). Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases - A world survey. Neuromuscul. Disord. 1, 19-29. 

The goal of forensic serology is to individualize blood stains by identifying genetic markers whose population frequencies have been established. 

The ABO, MN and Rh systems, unlikely many of the other antigenic systems, have useful population frequencies. For instance, the four groups belonging to the ABO system occur in... 

The PGM system has received the greatest amount of attention for three reasons. First, it is a very stable enzyme and produces an easily interpreted zymogram second, its population frequencies are very useful since the three phenotypes (commonly... 

Another isoenzyme with substantial interest is erythrocytic acid phosphatase (EAP) (8, 9, 10). This system has three autosomal allelic genes termed A, B and C. These can be homozygous or heterozygous giving rise to BA, CA and CB phenotypes. Each of these phenotypes is easily distinguished using starch gel electrophoresis with very useful population frequencies of approximately A - 13%, B - 35%, C - 0.2%, BA - 43%, CA - 3%,... 

The shape of a frequency distribution of a small sample is affected by chance variation and may not be a fair reflection of the underlying population frequency distribution check this by comparing repeated samples from the same population or by increasing the sample size. If the original shape were due to random events, it should not appear consistently in repeated samples and should become less obvious as sample size increases. 

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