Vaccines genetic engineering

Kit, S. Genetically engineered vaccines for control of aujeszky s disease (pseudorabies). Vaccine 1990, 8, 420-424. 

Vaccine production is pursued with the objectives to genetically engineer vaccines with specific gene deletions reducing virulence produce viral and bacterial vectored vaccines and develop subunit vaccines using purified antigens obtained from in vitro expression vectors such as pseudorabies purified protein vaccine and foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. 

Less than three weeks after the revelations about AGS illegal activities, it was subsequently revealed that USDA had approved a genetically engineered vaccine without the review of its own RAC. USDA then suspended the license it issued for the vaccine and began an environmental review. 

Ellis R.W. 1992. Vaccine development progression from target antigen to product. In J.E. Ciardi et al. (Eds.), Genetically Engineered Vaccines, p. 263. New York, Plenum Press. 

Live vaccines are normally weakened strains that do not cause diseases in the host, but stiU can stimulate the immune response. A typical example is the poho vaccine. The weakening of microorganisms or attenuation of the vims or bacteria can be accompHshed by passage through different substrates and/or at different temperatures. Modem genetic engineering techniques can also be used to attenuate a vims or bacterium. 

Live vectors (131,133) are another appHcation of genetic engineering. In this case, the genes from a pathogen are inserted into a vaccine vector, such as salmonella or vaccinia. In the case of salmonella, it will be possible to develop an oral vaccine. Vectors for this appHcation include salmoneUa, BCG, poHo, adenovims, and vaccinia. 

Since 1986, the USFDA has approved 22 vaccines (Table 12.7), half of them from a genetic engineering (and all, of course, from a biotechnology source). The cells used for such genetic engineering production of vaccine can be mammalian, insect or bacterial. 

Researchers from the University of Maryland in Baltimore (Maryland), the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research in Ithaca (New York), and Tulane University in New Orleans (Louisiana) have performed the hrst human trial of edible vaccine. Potatoes were genetically engineered to produce a diarrhea-causing toxin secreted by the bacterium Escherichia coli. 

---