General Safety Descriptions

Task analysis differs from job safety analysis in that the latter is a more simplified, global, higher function description of a job and its corresponding tasks assigned to one person and related to general safety. 

The previous chapter provided examples of statistical analyses that are used to assess efficacy in clinical trials. In this and the following chapter, the focus moves to assessments of safety. As will be seen in the first part of this chapter, general safety assessments are conducted quite differently from those for efficacy, in that descriptive statistics are used as opposed to hypothesis testing. However, in the domain of cardiovascular safety, hypothesis-testing approaches are employed to investigate the potential occurrence of specific cardiac and cardiovascular adverse events. In the language introduced in this chapter, these can be regarded as adverse events of special interest. 

Listen for a clear description/understanding of what they are whether they distinguish between upper, middle, and lower management whether they refer to their job description and safety/health policy whether each level knows the general safety/health responsibilities of the others above and below them how they were communicated how often safety/health responsibilities are updated whether individuals are held accountable. Note Responses should be fairly consistent between all levels of management and supervision. 

If this example describes your company, then it is likely that the safety program and site-specific safety plan will be one and the same. It is also likely that your company experiences none, or at least very few, accidents. If your organization does not experience any accidents, it is unlikely that the reader would be interested in this material anyway however, if your company does not fit this description, then you probably need both a safety program (general safety manual) and a site-specific safety plan as described earlier in this chapter. 

A general description of the three major classes of MDI s and brief descriptions of adhesive applications are shown in Table 1. More recently, MDl has become the isocyanate of choice in adhesives, partly because MDI has a lower vapor pressure than TDI does (see pp. 296-297 in [18]). Isocyanates have been shown to cause an allergic reaction in a small percentage of the population. This reaction can manifest itself in the form of an asthmatic condition [19]. Before starting work with isocyanates, researchers are encouraged to read about the proper precautions to take, in order to work safely with these materials. Researchers should also check with their local health and environmental safety representatives [20]. 

Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) used in the United States are divided into three classes 1,11, and III. Class II cabinets are further divided into four types A, Bl, B2, and B3." In other countries, other categorization schemes are sometimes used, but usually follow the same general operating conditions. This division is quite unlike the rest of the local ventilation chapter, but since these descriptions are used whenever BSCs are used, it is practical to describe them here. 

Class B Explosive Under the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) safety regulations, as per 49 CFR 173.88, Class B explosives are defined as those explosives which in general function by rapid combustion rather than detonation and include some explosive devices such as special fireworks, flash powders, some pyrotechnic signal devices and liquid or solid propellant explosives which include some smokeless powders. The regulations provide specific descriptions of and tests for Class B explosives. 

Mechas (Fuses). They can be subdivided into Mecka lento o ordtnaria (slow or Bickford Fuse) and Media rapida, Mecka instantanea o deto-nante (rapid fuse, Cordeau or detonating fuse) A general description of Bickford Fuse, also known as Miner s or Safety Fuse is given in Vol 2 of Encycl, B112-L R. Spanish Slow Fuse consists of a BlkPdr core, surrounded by... 

Such a general procedure is described in the National Research Council report, "Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories" (1), and other books on laboratory safety provide similar advice (2,3). Briefly, the procedure calls for carrying out most laboratory operations in a well-ventilated area (e.g., a fume hood or a glove box) and avoiding skin contact with chemicals. A more detailed description follows. 

The chapter has been structured into several sections first, there is a brief introduction, including a description of the concept and general principles of CL and how it is used in the field of explosives. The second section describes CL applications in the field of explosives and focuses in particular on the thermal energy analyser (TEA) because of its important role in the trace detection of explosives. The recent applications of luminol CL and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to explosive detection are also described. Finally, because much of the research into explosive detectors has been directed towards civilian safety, a third section describes how CL is used as a security measure to detect explosives. 

---