Gene magnification

Dysbindin-1 gene expression in the human hippocampal formation shown seen with in situ hybridization. As seen at low magnification in (a), all major cell layers express the gene, but the level of expression is highest in the pyramidal layer of CA3 (c) and the polymorph layer of the DGh (d). Labeling with the antisense probe versus the sense probe is shown in (e) and (f), respectively. The scale bar in (a) is 1 mm, while those in (b-f) are 20 p.m. Reprinted with permission from Talbot et al. (2004)... 

Fig. 16.6. Single cell activation of a Cre-recombinase fused with the ERT receptor upon two-photon release of its caged hgand. The transgenic embryo expresses a GFP gene flanked by two loxP sites. When these are excised, a dsRed gene is expressed in the target cell and its descendents, the red cells, in the eye of this embryo shown at two different magnifications...

Fig. 1). This zooms the gene to the highest magnification at which it will fit into the display window (Fig. 2A). 

Fig. 3. The PharmGKB Gene Browser shows the relative positions of gene structures, such as exons and introns, the locations of variants, and their frequencies and properties, synonymous or nonsynonymous. The magnification tool allows the user to focus in on individual bases on the gene sequence.

Figure 1. Microscopic pathology. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections from CCL3 +/+ (A, B) or CCL3 -/- (C) mice on day 5 post-inoculation with 60 pfu PVM. The prominent granulocytic infiltration observed in A and B is absent in C. Original magnifications, lOX (A, C) and 40X (B). Reprinted with permission from Domachowske and Rosenberg. Gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection. Respiratory Research 2001 2 225-233.

However, Spear and Gall (1973) questioned whether somatic magnification does occur in Drosophila. rRNA—DNA saturation hybridization experiments with DNA isolated from diploid tissues revealed that XX flies contain about twice as much rDNA than XO flies. Thus, in diploid cells, the rRNA genes are present in amounts proportional to the number of nucleolus organizers. In contrast to the situation in diploid cells, polytene chromosomes of the salivary glands from XX and XO flies, respectively, contain the same amount of rDNA. Since it is known that adult Drosophila flies do contain polytene chromosomes, the rDNA increase in XO flies reported by Tartof (1971, 1973) could result from the relatively higher amount of rDNA present in polytene chromosomes... 

The marker genes that have been most conveniently used in the silkworm are pink ipe, 5-0.0) and red re, 5-31.7). Both are easily detected a few days after deposition, when wild-type eggs turn from light yellow to dark brown, due to the pigmentation of serosa cells. Mutant eggs can be observed with the naked eye, but a binocular microscope of low magnification is useful for the detection of mosaic mutants. Other markers that have been used are body-color mutants of newly hatched larvae, chocolate ch, 13-9.6) and sex-linked chocolate sch, 1-21.5). Several mutants with translucent skin, os (1-0.0), od (1-49.6), oc (5-40.8), ok (5-4.7), and others, can also be utilized as markers, but these require raising of Fi larvae at least up to the 4th instar. 

Fig. 5 Efficiency of FC-graft-VE as an aerosol carrier for delivery of gene-silencing shRNA. Upper panel-. Lungs show numerous visible lesions arrows and dotted circles). Lower panel-. Histological characteristics. Arrows indicate the incidence of lesions in the lungs. CON untreated control, SCR after treatment with scrambled shRNA, shAktl after treatment with Aktl shRNA. lOOx magnification, scale bars 100 mm [47]...

---