Gasoline isooctane

Alkylation combines lower-molecular-weight saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkanes and alkenes) to produce high-octane gasoline and other hydrocarbon products. Conventional paraffin-olefin (alkane-alkene) alkylation is an acid-catalyzed reaction, such as combining isobutylene and isobutane to isooctane. 

The two dimers of 2 methylpropene shown in the equation can be converted to 2 2 4 trimethylpentane (known by its common name isooctane) for use as a gasoline additive Can you suggest a method for this conversion ... 

Octane rating (Section 2 16) The capacity of a sample of gasoline to resist knocking expressed as a number equal to the percentage of 2 2 4 trimethylpentane ( isooctane ) in an isooctane-heptane mixture that has the same knocking characteristics... 

Octane number is a measure of a fuel s abiUty to avoid knocking. The octane number of a gasoline is deterrnined in a special single-cylinder engine where various combustion conditions can be controlled. The test engine is adjusted to give trace knock from the fuel to be rated. Various mixtures of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane) and normal heptane are then used to find the ratio of the two reference fuels that produce the same intensity of knock as that by the unknown fuel. 

Gasoline is then rated according to the ratio of heptane to isooctane. 

Isooctane is a primary component of gasoline and gives gasoline its octane rating. Burning 1.00 mL of isooctane (d = 0.688 g/mL) releases 33.0 kj ofheat. When 10.00 mL of isooctane is burned in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature in the bomb rises from 232°C to 66.5°C. What is the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter ... 

Isooctane, CgHlg, is a component of gasoline. When 0.500 g of isooctane is burned, 24.06 kj of heat is given off. If 10.00 mg of isooctane is burned in a bomb calorimeter (heat capacity = 5175 J/°C) initially at 23.6°C, what is the temperature of the calorimeter when reaction is complete ... 

Gasoline-air mixtures tend to ignite prematurely, or knock, rather than bum smoothly. The octane number of a gasoline is a measure of its resistance to knock. It is determined by comparing the knocking characteristics of a gasoline sample with those of isooctane (the common name of one of the isomers of octane) and heptane ... 

Isooctane, which is highly branched, bums smoothly with little knocking and is assigned an octane number of 100. Heptane, being unbranched, knocks badly. It is given an octane number of zero. Gasoline with the same knocking properties as a mixture of 90% isooctane and 10% heptane is rated as 90 octane. ... 

Fuel property Gasoline Diesel No. 2 Isooctane Methanol Ethanol... 

This value is primarily used to rate the antiknock values of aviation gasolines with octane numbers over 100. It is defined as the maximum knock-free power output obtained from fuel expressed as a percentage of the power obtainable from isooctane. The relationship between octane number and performance number is listed as follows ... 

Octane A hydrocarbon with the formula C8H18 having 18 different isomers. These isomers have typical boiling points between 210.2°F and 257°F (99°C and 125°C). The most important of these isomers is 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane or isooctane. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 210.2°F (99°C) and is used as a standard for rating the antiknock properties of gasoline. 

Butenes are used extensively in gasoline production to produce high-octane gasoline compounds. In alkylation reactions, butenes combine with isobutane to produce branched gasoline-range compounds (see Butane). Isooctane can be produced by dimerization of isobutene in the presence of sulfuric acid. Dimerization is the combination of a molecule with itself to produce a molecule called a dimer. The dimer has exactly twice the number of atoms in the original molecule. Therefore the dimerization of isobutene produces two dimers with the formula C H,... 

ISOOCTANE METHYLCYCLOPENTANE CYCLOHEXANE Dl ISOBUTYLENE BENZENE TOLUENE XYLENE ETHYLBENZENE CUMENE GASOLINE BLEND... 

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