Gasoline composition monitoring

Fuels Natural gas, LPG, propane/butane, distillates, gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, syn-fuels, additives Liquid and gas - transmission Composition monitoring, Octane and cetane number measurements... 

VOCs were present at about 0.2 ppm outside the refinery boundary. VOCs are a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with an unspecified (and variable) composition. In the absence of any reference data that specifies an acceptable concentration of VOCs outside the fence line, it is helpful to compare the concentration data to a common standard used to monitor health in the workplace, the threshold limit value (TLV). The American Conference of Government and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has set a TLV of 300 ppm for workplace exposure to gasoline vapors, another hydrocarbon mixture of unspecified composition (ACGIH, 1990). Since the exposure for workers is different than that of residents outside the refinery, ACGIH TLVs cannot be used to determine exposure limits for the general population instead, they simply provide a benchmark for this discussion. 

The simple model was not directly used for monitoring VOC emissions. The EPA determined that a fuel with an RVP of 8.1 psi and 2.0 wt% oxygen would be sufficient to achieve the minimum 15% VOC emission reduction. Baseline emission levels are from 1990 model year (MY) vehicles operated on a baseline gasoline (Table 1). The baseline fuel, derived from average survey data of the compositions of gasolines in the United States in 1989, is shown in Table 1. This baseline fuel was defined to indicate a performance standard and not a formula composition standard. To achieve equivalency certification, refiner and importer s gasoline must comply with the CAA requirements for emissions as shown in Table 2. " ... 

Existing methods use physical measurements and require suitable standards. Tests such as aniline point (ASTM D-611) and kauri-butanol number (ASTM D-1133) are of a somewhat empirical nature and can serve a useful function as control tests. Naphtha composition, however, is monitored mainly by gas chromatography, and although most of the methods may have been developed for gasoline (ASTM D-2427, ASTM D-6296), the applicability of the methods to naphtha is sound. 

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