Gasless reactions

As propagation rates of gassy reactions are pressure dependent, so are gasless reactions temp dependent. This temp dependence has been... 

P.V. Phung, Propagation of Gasless Reactions in Solids , Combustion Flame 21, No 1... 

Propagation of Gasless Reactions in Solids , Combustion Flame 21, No 1 (1973), 91-97 69) B.E. Douda, Radiative Transfer Model of a Pyrotechnic Flare , NAD-RDTR No 258... 

A.P. Hardt, Ignition Characteristics of Gasless Reactions , Combustion Flame 22, 323—35... 

Aluminum (Al) is a silver-colored light and soft metal used as a major component of aluminum alloys, which are used to construct aircraft and vehicles, similar to Mg alloys. However, Al is known as a readily combustible metal. Thus, Al particles are used as major fuel components of pyrolants. Al particles are mixed with ammonium perchlorate particles and polymeric materials to form solid propellants and underwater explosives. The reaction between aluminum powder and iron oxide is known as a high-temperature gasless reaction and is represented by ... 

This reaction is highly exothermic without yielding gaseous products, i. e., it is a gasless reaction, and the adiabatic flame temperature is 3460 K at the stoichiometric mixture ratio. However, this reaction only occurs at high temperatures, above 2000 K. In order to initiate the combustion, a high heat input is needed for ignition. 

One of the best-known gasless reactions is Thermite which is comprised of a mixt of A1 powder St iron oxide ... 

In contrast with the theory for gasless reactions (Sections IV,A and IV,B). which was adapted from classical combustion theory, filtration combustion (FC) theory was developed specifically to describe gas-solid reactions in CS (Merzhanov eta/., 1972 Aldushin ef a/., 1974). 

Hardt, A. P., and Holsinger, R. W., Propagation of gasless reactions in solids— 0. Experimental study of exothermic intermetallic reaction rates. Combust. Flame, 21,91 (1973). 

Delay compositions often have gasless reactions, which rely heavily on conductive energy feedback for propagation. A crack through the composition seriously reduces the amount of thermal energy fedback and can result in a failure to propagate. 

To express heat output in reference to the standard state of the products may be proper for essentially gasless reactions where solids are converted into other solids (or, requiring only minimal corrections, into the molten state). However, in those high temperature processes where seemingly nonvolatile reaction products such as... 

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