Gaskets copper

The cell head is fabricated from a 2.54-cm steel plate and has separate compartments for fluorine and hydrogen. The oudet-gas manifolds, hydrogen fluoride feed and purge lines, and electrical connections are on top of the head. The gas separation skirt is made of Monel. An insulating gasket maintains the seal between the tank and the head. The anode assembly consists of 32 carbon blades bolted onto a copper bar, each of which contains three copper conductor posts. The cathode assembly consists of three vertical, 0.6-cm parallel steep plates. The plates surround the anode assembly and are supported by three steel posts which also serve as conductors. 

Equipment for storing and handling methanol may be made of carbon or stainless steel. Methanol is aggressive toward copper, zinc, magnesium, tin, lead, and alurninum, which should therefore be avoided. Gasket materials must also be chosen carefiiUy, because some elastomers swell and deteriorate when exposed to methanol. Similarly, the use of plastics for storage is not recommended. 

Commercial-grade nitroparaftins are shipped and stored ia ordinary carbon steel. However, wet nitroparaftins containing more than 0.1—0.2% water may become discolored when stored ia steel for long periods, even though corrosion is not excessive. Aluminum and stainless steel are completely resistant to corrosion by wet nitroparaftins. Storage ia contact with lead (qv), copper, or alloys containing these metals should be avoided. Polymeric materials for gaskets, hoses, and connections should be tested for thek suitabiHty before exposure to nitroparaftins. 

Copper and brasses Heat exchanger tubing, bearings, valve components, gaskets, brewing equipment... 

Many copper alloys are also used in pumps as bushings, bearings, impellers, and gaskets. Bronzes, brasses, and other copper alloys are frequently used. Thus, pump components are often corroded. 

Figure 13.64 Red, dezincified gasketed surface of a cast valve throat. Note the partial spalling of the copper corrosion product.

Kel-E, soft copper, 2S aluminium and lead are suitable for gaskets ... 

Do not use copper fittings in acetylene service, or titanium in dry chlorine service. These principles also apply to gaskets, lubricants, and instruments. 

An ethylene compressor was shut down for maintenance and correctly isolated by slip-plates. When repairs were complete, the slip-plates were removed before the machine was tried out. During the tryout, some ethylene leaked through the closed isolation valves into the machine. The ethylene/air mixture was ignited, either by a hot spot in the machine or by copper acetylide on the copper valve gaskets. The compressor was severely damaged. 

Mechanical joints for copper tube up to inch outside diameter can be of the flare type, in which the tube end is coned out to form its own gasket. This must be carried out with the proper flare tools, and it may be necessary to anneal the tube to ensure that the resulting cone gasket is soft. 

Miscellaneous heating coil problems. These vary from system to system. They are relatively common in HW boilers, where little or no blowdown (BD) is ever provided for BW sludge to accumulate on the external fins of the copper coils, thus preventing effective heat transfer. When coil gaskets at the installation points on the top front of the boiler weep, and where the water treatment product contains a dye, color stains surround the gasket area. 

External coil problems White calcium carbonate CaC03 Phosphate scale from threshold agents. Blue/green/black copper phosphate trihydrate Cu3(P04)2 3H20 Dirt pockets due to low level of coil. BW sludgei settles on external fins. Gasket weeping from inhibitor. Color stains from inhibitor dyes. 

Sodium-zinc alloys for phase diagram determination are prepared by melting the elements in glass tubes under H2- Samples of NaZujj are prepared by heating zinc for several hours above the melting point of NaZn,3 (557°C) with xs Na in alundum extraction thimbles with N2 or Ar in a steel bomb scaled with copper gaskets. Excess Na was removed by extraction with liq NHj. Both KZn,3 and KCd,2 were prepared in this manner. ... 

T O Monel and nickel, PTFE and Kel-F, soft copper, 2S aluminium and lead are suitable for gaskets Steel, cast iron, brass, copper, tin, lead, aluminium at normal conditions... 

Steel, nickel. Monel and the more noble metals and Pyrex for dry gas Most common metals Most common metals Steel or stainless steel preferred though copper and brass are suitable for acetylene-free gas PTFE gaskets... 

The tightness of the two parts was assured by an indium gasket, and the vacuum chamber was immersed in liquid helium. A small volume (about 1 cm3) of helium gas was inserted into the vacuum chamber for the thermalization at 4.2 K of all the parts of the experiment. The exchange gas was successively pumped out, and the pressure during the measurements was kept below 10 5 torr to reduce any contribution from convection. Each end of the sample strip was tightened between two copper blocks (C, D of Fig. 11.3) by means of brass screws one copper block was anchored to the Cu top (A) and the other (the hot end ) held the heater (FI) and the thermometer (TH). 

Figure 2, Pulsed electron beam ion source for operation at elevated pressures. A 3-kV e-beam enters through a 50-pm aperture located at the center of one wall of the ion source. Ions are sampled through a 50-pm aperture located at the center of the other wall of the ion source. A 2-mm thick copper gasket determines the depth of the active source volume.

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