Gasification syngas

Gasification Syngas -> Reforming-Shift Pyrolysis -> Bio-Oil -> Reforming-Shift... 

As with any chemical facility, process economics and transportation costs are critical factors in determining whether gasification syngas and the recovery of byproducts will be profitable. Environmental factors such as the existence of proven technology for the recovery of SO,., particulates, and mercury has made gasification attractive. When coal is nsed as a feedstock at Eastman Chemical, for instance, over 90% of the mercury contained in the coal is rontinely collected. ... 

Ultra clean transportation fuels can be made from coal via four sequential steps including coal gasification, syngas cleanup, F-T (Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis, and F-T product workup. These fuels are known as CTL (coal-to-liquids) fuels to differentiate them from GTL (gas-to-liquids) and... 

Mermelstein J, MiUan M, Brandon NP (2011) The interaction of biomass gasification syngas components with tar in a solid oxide fuel cell and operational conditions to mitigate carbon deposition on nickel-gadolinium doped ceria anodes. J Power Sources 196 5027-5034... 

The thermal degradation of mixtures of the common automotive plastics polypropylene, ABS, PVC, and polyurethane can produce low molecular weight chemicals (57). Composition of the blend affected reaction rates. Sequential thermolysis and gasification of commingled plastics found in other waste streams to produce a syngas containing primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been reported (58). 

Gasification. Gasification converts soHd fuel, tars, and oils to gaseous products such as CO, H2, and CH that can be burned direcdy or used in synthesis gas (syngas) mixtures, ie, CO and mixtures for production of Hquid fuels and other chemicals (47,48) (see Coal conversion processes, gasification Euels, synthetic-gaseous fuel Hydrogen). 

C -Chemisty. A great deal of research has been undertaken on the development of PGM catalysts for the manufacture of chemicals and fuels from syngas, a mixture of CO and H2 obtained from coal gasification (see Coal conversion processes). 

Whereas near-term appHcation of coal gasification is expected to be in the production of electricity through combined cycle power generation systems, longer term appHcations show considerable potential for producing chemicals from coal using syngas chemistry (45). Products could include ammonia, methanol, synthetic natural gas, and conventional transportation fuels. 

Methanol. Methanol is produced by stoichiometric reaction of CO and H2. The syngas produced by coal gasification contains insufficient hydrogen for complete conversion to methanol, and partial CO shifting is required to obtain the desired concentrations of H2, CO, and CO2. These concentrations are expressed in terms of a stoichiometric number, ((H2 — CO)/(H2 + CO2), which has a desired value of 2. In some cases CO2 removal is required to achieve the stoichiometric number target. CO and H2 are then reacted to form methanol in a catalytic methanol synthesis reactor. 

Synthetic Natural Gas. Another potentially very large appHcation of coal gasification is the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG). The syngas produced from coal gasification is shifted to produce a H2-to-CO ratio of approximately 3 to 1. The carbon dioxide produced during shifting is removed, and CO and H2 react to produce methane (CH, or SNG, and water in a methanation reactor. 

R. H. Fisackedy and D. G. Sundstrom, "The Dow Syngas Project— Project Overview and Status Report," presented at the Sixth Electric Power Research Jnstitute Gasification Contractors Conference, Palo Alto, Calif., Oct. 1986. 

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