Gaseous Products of Explosion

The volume of gas produced during an explosion will provide information on the amount of work done by the explosive. In order to measure the volume of gas generated standard conditions must be established, because the volume of gas will vary according to the temperature at which the measurement is taken. These standard conditions also enable comparisons to be made between one explosive and another. The standard conditions set the temperature at 0 °C or 273 K, and the pressure at 1 atm. These conditions are known as standard, temperature and pressure , stp . Under these standard conditions one mole of gas will occupy 22.4 dm3, which is known as the molar gas volume. The volume of gas V produced from an explosive during detonation can be calculated from its equation of decomposition, where information can be obtained on the amount of gaseous products liberated. Examples for the calculation of V during detonation of RDX and TNT are given below. 

The equation for explosion of RDX using the K-W rules is given in Reaction 5.9. 

The production of water will be turned into steam as the temperature of explosion will be very high therefore, water will be regarded as a gaseous product. From Reaction 5.9 it can be seen that 9 moles of gas are produced from 1 mole of RDX. Therefore, 9 moles of gas will occupy 201.6 dm3 and 1 g of RDX will produce 0.908 dm3 g 1 (908 cm3 g 1) of gas at stp as shown in Equation 5.10  

The equation for explosion of TNT using the modified K-W rules is shown in Reaction 5.10. 

In an explosive reaction, heat and gases are liberated. The volume of gas V and the heat of explosion Q can both be calculated independently but these values can be combined to give the value for the explosive power as shown in Equation 5.12. 

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With volatile explosives giving gaseous products of explosion, the substance evaporates or decomposes before the explosive limits are reached... 

A positive oxygen balance markedly reduces the quantity of carbon monoxide formed. Assonov and Rossi [60] report the following results of experiments on the effect of the oxygen balance of explosives on the composition of the gaseous products of explosion (Table 99). 

Composition of gaseous products of explosion in explosives with a different oxygen balance... 

Table 9.5 Springall Roberts Rules for Determining the Gaseous Products of Explosives...

The heat of explosion of silver acetylide is 294 kJ mol according to Stadler [29]. For a long time it was assumed that only solid products form from the explosion of simple silver acetyhde [1]. Later it was, however, shown that some gaseous products do indeed form (2.4 ml from 1 g of sample according to Stadler [29]). Eggert found that the gaseous products of explosion contain water, carbon... 

By ignition of the methane/air mixture on mixing with the hot gaseous products of the explosion. 

For narrow tubes, one must watch out for possible restriction of the tube by solid reaction products, thereby preventing the escape of gaseous products. An explosion may result if this occurs, especially for fast compositions. 

Vieille, Kast and Schmidt (Refs 1, 2 3) presumed that in some cases the deton may be accompanied by a so-called explosive combustion (vzryvnoye goryeniye in Rus) during which the hot gaseous products of combstn penetrate into spaces between particles of expls and ignite their surfaces. This assumption was used in lp40 by Apin (Ref 4) who proposed the theory of deton called in Rus "struychato-proboynaya . 

D) The presence of pores in the mass of explosive facilitates the penetration of hot gaseous products of deton along the charge... 

Detonation, Spherical Taylor Wave for the Gaseous Products of Solid Explosives in. 

Physics of Fluids 1 (6), 523(1958) (Measurement of the Reflected Shock Hugoniot and Isentrope for Explosive Reaction Products) 4) D. Price, ChemRevs 59(5), 801-25 (Oct 1959) (Measurement of the Reflected Shock Hugoniot and Isentrope for Explosive Reaction Products) 5) M. Lutzky, "The Spherical Taylor Wave for the Gaseous Products of Solid Explosives , NavWeps Rept 6848(1960)... 

Field Behind a Spherical Detonation in TNT Using the Landau—Stanyukovich Equation of State for Detonation Products [See also under Detonation (and Explosion), Spherical and under Detonation, Spherical Wave for the Gaseous Products of Solid Explosives in]... 

Flow Velocity of the Detonation Products of Explosives. Formulas, based on hydrodynamic theory, were developed for the detn of the detonation products of gaseous mixtures and... 

Experimental procedures for determination of gaseous products of expls on exploding, by means of Bichel Pressure Gage and Crawshaw-Jones Apparatus are described in Ref 1, but no compns of gases are given Refs 1) Ch.E. Munroe J.E. Tiffany, "Physical Testing of Explosives", USBur-Mines Bull 346(1931), 91-99 2) A. Stett-... 

In other words, one mole of NG produces 7.25 molar volumes of gas (since a molar volume is the volume of one mole of gas). These molar volumes at 0°C and latm form an actual volume of 7.25 x 22.4 = 162.4 liters of gas (provided the products H20 and C02 are in gaseous form). Thus, volume of the products of explosion can be predicted for any quantity of explosive. Further, by employing Charles Law for perfect gases, the volume of the products of explosion may be calculated for any given temperature. Therefore,... 

Chlorate explosives yield only a small amount of gaseous products since the major product of explosion is potassium chloride. The specific pressure / is therefore relatively low (the high temperatures do not compensate for the small volume of gases), hence the lead block expansion is low, but Cheddites without nitro compounds—type O No. 6 and S—give an even smaller lead block expansion 180-200 cm3. Some chlorate explosives, when detonated in the open, do not transmit detonation from cartridge to cartridge, differing in this respect from dynamites and ammonium nitrate explosives. In a confined space, however, they behave differently. Here the... 

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