Gaseous effluents sampling

Two bioassays are employed to evaluate the effect of samples on terrestrial life forms. For gas samples, the plant stress ethylene test is presently recommended. This test is based on the well-known plant response to environmental stress release of elevated levels of ethylene (under normal conditions plants produce low levels of ethylene). The test is designed to expose plants to various levels of gaseous effluents under controlled conditions. The ethylene released during a set time period is then measured by gas chromatography to determine toxicity of the effluent. For liquid and solid samples, a soil microcosm test is employed. The sample is introduced on the surface of a 5 cm diameter by 5 cm deep plug of soil obtained from a representative ecosystem. Evolution of carbon dioxide, transport of calcium, and dissolved oxygen content of the leachate are the primary quantifying parameters. 

Finding AEA-5. The ability to obtain a representative sample of gaseous effluents retained in the holding tanks prior to release has not been demonstrated. 

The release point for the HCF ventilation system exhaust is the HCF exhaust stack. Gaseous effluent discharged in the ventilation system is continuously monitored. The monitor electronically records selected beta-gamma emitting radionuclides as well as noble gases. The system is calibrated and maintained by representatives of the SNL ES H Center and is discussed in Chapter 7. Liquid effluent from the LECS is sampled prior to release into the sanitary system. The samples are analyzed by gamma spectroscopy and liquid scintillation. No discharges to the sanitary system are allowed until analyses show that levels are within the established release limits.. ... 

Gases and liquid leaving the TBR were separated just below the packing. The liquid was collected continuously to facilitate sampling. The gaseous effluent went through a series of... 

Equipment for continuous sampling during and after an accident of plant gaseous effluent for noble gases, iodine and particulates, and for radiation monitoring of areas requiring post-accident access is as follows ... 

Air samples can be collected and analysed to characterize activity (e.g., " Ar or other gaseous radionuclides) in gaseous effluent and evaluation of actual levels with respect to allowable levels. The students can then develop resultant restrictions on hours of reactor operation or allowable power levels. 

Means should be provided so that the operator is aware of the performance of the radiation monitoring systems under the environmental conditions that occur as a result of an accident. The most onerous design requirements are associated with the radiation measurement systems that are within or close to the reactor containment. The design of the systems for sampling and the direct measurement of activity in gaseous effluents is also complex. 

Monitoring of waste-disposal procedures and environmental contamination—assays conducted with samples of solid, liquid, or gaseous effluents from manufacturing and storage facilities... 

It is often necessary to identify polymer structure of intractable crosslinked polymer samples or other insoluble filled materials, or to follow degradation mechanisms. In recent years techniques have been devei-oped to observe the infrared spectra of gaseous effluents during polymer degradation. Liebman, Ahlstrom, and Griffiths published the degrada-... 

An essential method used in this work is quick ampoule sampling of volatiles.8-9 Small samples of the gaseous reactor effluent (e.g., 1 ml) are recovered in glass ampoules for later analysis. The capillary end of the evacuated ampoule is inserted into the product flow. The capillary tip is broken and the ampoule filled... 

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