Gas, refrigerated liquid

Methane, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) or natural gas, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid - with high methane content) 1972... 

SYNS FIRE DAiMP MARSH GAS METHANE, compressed (UN 1971) QDOT) METHANE, refrigerated liquid (crj ogenic liquid) (UN 1972) OT) METHYL HYDRIDE NATURAL GAS, compressed (with high methane content) (UN 1971) (DOT) NATURAL GAS, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) (with high methane content) (UN 1972) (DOT)... 

HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE OXIDE LIQUEFIED GAS. n.o.s. 1972 22 NATURAL GAS. refrigerated liquid (ciyogenic liquid) with high METHANE... 

Attenuation Another alternative to intensification is attenuation, using a hazardous material under the least hazardous conditions. Thus large quantities of liquefied chlorine, ammonia, and petroleum gas can be stored as refrigerated liquids at atmospheric pressure instead of storing them under pressure at ambient temperature. (Leaks from the refrigeration eqmpment should also be considered, so there is probably no net gain in refrigerating quantities less than a few hundred tons.) Dyestuffs which form explosive dusts can be handled as slurries. 

The released ammonia forms a pool of refrigerated liquid which evaporates by heat transfer from the soil. A constant mass value was assumed for the evaporation rate and a heavier-than-air gas dispersion model was used. 

Hirst, W. J. S., and J. A. Eyre. 1983. Maplin Sands experiments 1980 Combustion of large LNG and refrigerated liquid propane spills on the sea. Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment II. Ed. by S. Hartwig. pp. 211-224. Boston D. Reidel. 

Cryogenic liquid—A refrigerated liquid gas having a boiling point below -130°F (-90°C) at atmospheric pressure. 

Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature. Below -78°C it is a solid and is commonly referred to as dry ice. At that temperature it sublimes and changes directly from a solid to a vapor. Because of this unique property, as well as its non-combustible nature, it is a common refrigerant and inert blanket. Table 3.4 shows the uses of carbon dioxide in all its forms liquid, solid, and gas. Refrigeration using dry ice is especially important in the food industry. Beverage carbonation for soft drinks is a very big application. In oil and gas recovery carbon dioxide competes with nitrogen as an inert atmosphere for oil wells. 

Open-Cycle Operation. In many chemical processes, the product to be cooled can itself be used as the refrigerating liquid. An example of this is in gathering plants for natural gas. Gas from the wells is cooled, usually after compression and after some of the heavier components are removed as liquid. This liquid maybe expanded in a refrigeration cycle to further cool the compressed gas, which causes more of the heavier components to condense. Excess liquid not used for refrigeration is drawn off as product. A typical open-cycle is shown in Figure 12. 

In a vapor-absorption refrigeration system, there are no moving parts. The added energy comes from a gas or liquid fuel burner or from an electrical heater, as heat. rather than from a compressor, as work. See Fig. 2. The refrigerant used in this example is ammonia gas. which is liberated from a water solution and transported from one region to another by the aid of hydrogen, The total pressure throughout the system is constant and therefore no valves axe needed. 

The refrigeration duty must be sufficient to sub-cool the incoming refrigerant liquid phase, partially condense the inlet refrigerant vapour and, thus, cool and liquefy the natural gas. The refrigeration duty required to condense and sub-cool the refrigerant is normally a large portion of the total duty. 

The closed loop refrigeration circuit compresses and cools the high-pressure refrigerant, which is partly gas and liquid. The liquid is pressurised by pumping and mixed with the vapour at the inlet of the main heat exchanger. This two-phase mixture passes the heat exchanger and leaves the exchanger in liquid phase at essentially the same temperature as the LNG. 

For low-temperature operation, liquid gas refrigerants contained in Dewars surrounding the reactor effectively maintain the sample temperature, but it is critical that the level be maintained constant for precise adsorption studies. Temperatures intermediate between the boiling or critical temperatures of nitrogen can be maintained by controlled pumping of the volume over the refrigerant gas, either as such, or... 

Sulphur dioxide, when dry, has no action on iron, even at 100° C., but the metal is slightly attacked by the moist gas.7 Liquid sulphur dioxide has likewise but little action under atmospheric pressure, but in refrigerators, where the temperature is liable to rise somewhat during compression of the gas, corrosion of the iron is appreciable. 

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