Gas production rate

Routine production tests are performed, approximately once per month on each producing well, by diverting the production through the test separator on surface to measure the liquid flowrate, water cut, and gas production rate. The wellhead pressure (also called the flowing tubing head pressure, FTHP) is recorded at the time of the production test, and a plot of production rate against FTHP is made. The FTHP is also recorded continuously and used to estimate the well s production rate on a daily basis by reference to the FTHP vs production rate plot for the well. 

The COD removal efficiency of a UASB reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater is 96% at an organic loading rate of 0.5 kg COD/m /day. If the plant generates 33,800 GPD wastewater with a COD concentration of 1000 mg/L and the depth of reactor is restricted to 3 m, estimate (a) the size of the UASB reactor (b) the HRT and (c) the specific gas production rate assuming a methane yield of 0.3 m /kg CODr. 

Dust, representing less-volatile materials, is liberated from the comet and propelled outward by the expanding jets of gas. Appreciable quantities of dust are sometimes released for example, the dust production rate from comet Hale-Bopp exceeded its gas production rate by a factor of five. Comet particles range in size from submicron dust to small rocks. Direct particle impacts onto spacecraft suggest that solid particles in the coma can be of at least millimeter size. 

Devonian Shales. The large eastern Devonian gas shales resource base underlies approximately 174,000 square miles (453,000 km2) of the eastern U.S. Estimates of recoverable gas range from 2 to 15% of the gas m place. Natural gas has been produced from these shales for decades. Well production rates are relatively low, but after the first few years of production it does not usually decline rapidly with time. A major constraint to present-day exploitation has been the extraordinary inability to predict with confidence the gas production rates that may be obtained in wells drilled outside the traditional production areas. Presently, the GRI is studying the systematics of historically successful fields, including the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan Basins. 

Commercial oil production was initiated in 1979 from middle Eocene volcano-genic deposits (Well 2Nin.), and commercial free gas production rates were confirmed in 1982 from the gas cap (Well 9 and 16). The accumulated oil production until 2002 is approx. 1.5 million tons and the accumulated gas production in the period 1997-2002 is approx. 150 mcm. 

Sometimes, the gas production rate was measured and the nature of the compounds analyzed by gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector or by mass spectrometry (10, 12, 17, 73-76). 

Then the stabilization of the temperature at MTT can be assessed in a similar way as for class 3, by using the determined thermal activity, following the procedure represented in Figure 10.10. Here the thermal activity of the secondary reaction may be ignored, but it should be checked whether the gas production rate by the secondary reaction remains uncritical. This assesses the controllability of the runaway by using controlled depressurization or hot cooling (cooling by evapora-... 

While many asteroids may have previously been comet-like, even active comets are somewhat asteroid like. The traditional concept of comets as dirty snowballs has been modified by some authors to consider them to be more like frosty rocks, because they contain more rock than ice. The dust gas production rate from the spectacularly active comet Hale-Bopp exceeded its gas production rate by a factor of 5 (Jewitt and Matthews, 1999). In considering the water contents of comets, it is interesting to consider that some comets may have ice abundances similar to the bound water content of hydrated silicate-rich asteroids. At least in some cases, comets and asteroids might have similar capacities for carrying water to other solar system bodies. 

The dynamic model presented herein builds on that reported previously (I) by incorporating the interactions between volatile acids, pH, alkalinity, gas production rate, and gas composition. The model is developed from material balances on the biological, liquid, and gas phases of a continuous-flow, complete mixing reactor. Appropriate relationships such as yield constants, an inhibition function, Henry s law, charge balances, and ionization equilibria are used to express the interactions between variables. The inputs and outputs for the reactor and the reactions considered are illustrated in Figure 2. 

Biomass CFBG will be studied in a pilot scale plant. Several test runs will be carried out with orujillo and wood waste as a fuel. The main objectives of these tests being to investigate the effects of the equivalence ratio, temperature and fluidisation velocity on the gas production rate from biomass CFBG, and to evaluate the quality of the producer gas as measured by the composition and higher heating value. Process variables to be analyzed are ... 

The superficial velocity (SV) is defined as gas production rate/cross section and is measured in m/s, btu/fl2-hr, etc. It is an important figure of merit of gasifiers and combustors. Each device will have a maximum SV that it can operate at satisfactorily. In downdraft gasification the SV determines the intensity of the flaming pyrolysis reaction and so controls gas, charcoal and tar production. The World War II gasifiers typically operated at 0,1-1.0 m/s to produce low tar gas and consume most of the charcoal. ... 

Flue gas production rate from coal was higher than that from biofuels, and the coal flue gas had lower moisture contents (Table 4), partly reflecting the low moisture content of the fuel (Table 1). 

Fig. 22. Gas production rates and composition observed for cumene cracking with (a) silica-alumina (b) Pt/AlzOj (c) intimate 5ft mixture of (a) and (b) (d) mixture of pellets of (a) and (b).

During TPSR, the rate of gasification of the carbon deposit (as determined by continuous measurement of the effluent gas composition) was recorded as a function If time. The data are represented by the calculated gas production rate versus bed temperature as In conventional thermal analysis. TPSR analysis was performed for various conditions of exposure temperature, exposure duration, and exposure gas (CO, or C2H2) for both 1-... 

Other workers argue that the high abundance of light elements (O, Si) in a typical rock matrix means that this may be an underestimate for the rock medium and, given other uncertainties, can be considered to be unity (Andrews 1985). Noble gas production rates involving reactions with thermal neutrons, such as the Li(n,a) H( 3 ) He reaction, are... 

Catalyst Experiment No. No. of Tests Total Dry Gas Production Rate Nr-Free Basis, std cc/hr/gram coal charged... 

The experimental results of the screening tests conducted in unit A are presented in Tables Ha and lib, and for unit B they are given in Tables Ilia and Illb. The specific gas production rates and gasification rates are based on the approximate 4-hr reaction time at 850°C. The results indicate that methane production rates as well as carbon gasification rates can be increased significantly if certain compounds are admixed with the coal feed. 

Figure 6. Effect of temperature on total dry gas production rate using sprayed Raney nickel Test conditions pressure, 300 psig flow, 2000 std cc/hr N2 water, 5.8 and 1.16 grams/hr.

When an essentially nonacidic platinum preparation with a platinum content and (de)hydrogenation activity typical of re-forming catalysts (about 1000 Aimoles/sec./g. by cyclohexane test) is tested in the reactor, the gas production rate is near the background rate of the test reactor, correspond-... 

Fig. 5. Constancy of total gas production rate and variation in gas composition with increasing platinum activity in cumene test.

A comparison of the circular polarization with nightly averaged visual magnitudes compiled from [88], which are sensitive to the dust and gas production rates, and the water production rate [89-91] for this observational period shows that the degree of circular polarization in the tail is strongly correlated with cometary activity (Fig. 10). 

---